Page 184 - Keys to College Success

■ Does it contain key terms and definitions or
an introduction or summary? (For a textbook,
check mid-chapter or end-of-chapter exercises.)
■ Does it offer crucial concepts, examples, an
explanation of a variety or type, critical rela-
tionships, or comparisons?
■ Does it mirror or reinforce what your instruc-
tor emphasizes?
■ Does it spark questions and reactions as you
read?
■ Does it surprise or confuse you?
It can be challenging to decide what is impor-
tant. If you are unsure about what to pull out of a
piece of content, email your instructor and ask for
clarification.

Ask questions to evaluate arguments
An argument refers to a persuasive case—a set of
connected ideas supported by examples—made to
prove or disprove a point. Many scholarly books and articles, in print form or on the
Internet, are organized around particular arguments. However, other online articles,
EVIDENCE
websites, and blogs offer claims instead—arguments without adequate support. Just Facts, statistics, and other
because you read it does not mean it’s true. Evaluate arguments and claims to deter- materials that are presented
mine whether they are accurate and logical. When quality evidence combines with in support of an argument.
sound logic, the argument is solid.
Evaluating an argument involves investigating the following:
■ The quality of the evidence
■ Whether the evidence fits the idea concept
■ The logical connections
To understand an argument and determine its validity, first read it with healthy
skepticism and an open mind. Avoid the common trap of accepting or rejecting it
according to whether it fits with your point of view. Then, risk asking questions such as
those listed in Key 6.6 to gain the reward of greater depth of understanding, regardless
of your opinion.

KEY 6.6 Ask questions like these to evaluate arguments.

EVALUATE THE VALIDITY DETERMINE WHETHER THE EVIDENCE
OF THE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT

Is the source reliable and free of bias? Is there enough evidence?
Reading, Research, and Writing
Who wrote this and with that intent? Do examples and ideas logically connect?
What assumptions underlie this material? Is the evidence convincing?

Is this argument based on opinion? Do the examples build a strong case?
How does this evidence compare with What different and perhaps opposing arguments
evidence from other sources? seem equally valid?

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