Page 15 - Demo

10wrote %u201cThe Home Brew Victory Song%u201d to celebrate its passage, with lyrics like %u201cWe can now make beer in California! They%u2019ve legalized our brewing it at home!%u201d39 Senator Alan Cranston of Palo Alto, California, used Bates%u2019 bill as a model to propose HR 1337 and legalized homebrewing at the national level.40 President Jimmy Carter signed the Cranston Bill on October 14, 1978. The bill allowed adults to legally brew up to 100 gallons of beer per year for personal and family use. Lee Coe worked with both Bates and Cranston to legalize homebrewing.41By 1982 a handful of small, independent breweries existed, most on the West Coast. While the businesses were new, the products were revolutionary. These breweries differentiated their beer from the mass-market products. As Garrett Oliver, a noted beer writer and brewer, said, %u201c[i]nstead of pale yellow bland lagers, they brewed bold chocolaty stouts, snappy bitter India pale ales, and caramel-accented amber ales.%u201d42 The breweries hand-bottled or kegged and self-distributed their beers to nearby bars and restaurants. It was illegal to sell beer directly to consumers due to the three-tier system put in place after Prohibition. The three tiers are producer (brewer), distributor, and retailer (bars, restaurants, and stores). The system was meant to prevent the widespread abuse of tied houses in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Initially, a tied house was a bar or pub in the UK that served only one brewery%u2019s products by mutual agreement, metaphorically tying the two separate businesses together.43 In the US, the mutual agreements morphed until breweries monopolized saloon beer taps through a pay-to-play system (buying exclusive rights to taps), used unsavory sales promotions, or owned saloons outright.Tied house abuses contributed to the passage of Prohibition in 1917.44 Before Prohibition there were 1,392 breweries, after the passage of the Twenty-first Amendment repealing Prohibition on March 22, 1933, only 164 remained. Most breweries survived Prohibition by purportedly