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INTRODUCTION

Those people who are left behind in rural shack areas include a high percentage of women-headed and
damaged households that have lost key family members because of sickness or out-migration. Conditions
in rural shack areas tend to be badly rundown and these areas often provide very little access to work.

In the future, climate change could also drive in-migration and cross-border migration. It is envisaged that
cross-border migration flows could go up by an unknown amount, increasing competition for jobs, housing
and access to services.

What this means is that the demands for services will continue to change and government will need to
take this into consideration when making decisions about what, and where, to invest in infrastructure and
services. Departments need to ensure that they have access to up-to-date information on migratory trends
and human settlement patterns as well as demographic statistics for South Africa.

Challenges that departments will have to deal with include:
 Providing more services in peri-urban and informal settlements within urban centres.
 Providing services to the most vulnerable especially in the rural areas.
 Optimally locating service points closer to the people, especially in areas where human settlement
patterns and demographics are changing.
 Developing road infrastructure and transport services to improve access to services.
 Encouraging economic development.

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