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GENERIC STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH STEP ONE

Fill in separate templates for the different types of service points and for different kinds of human
settlements identified by your department, for example, urban, rural and sparsely populated areas.
Completing the template

Follow the steps set out below to fill in the template. Examples have been included in the template to guide
you.

1. Name of department

The first step in filling in the template is to enter the name of your department at the top.

2. Type of service points

Enter the type of service point for which the geographic access standard is being developed. For
example, the Department of Health has defined various types of facilities such as hospitals, clinics
and community health care centres.

3. Type of human settlement or geographic area

The geographic landscape and density of the population vary extensively from area to area, hence
access standards should be differentiated for different types of settlements or geographic areas,
for example, urban, rural and sparsely populated areas. Fill in separate copies of the template with
differentiated standards for each of these settlement types.

4. Services provided

List the key services and functions that are performed at the different types of service points. You
should identify these services during your background research.
5. Target population

Your department must be clear about the target populations of its various services and it should
know their demographics or other defining characteristics in relation to the larger or total population.
Consider future population projections in defining the target
population, based on factors such as population growth,
mortality and in- and out-migration.

The target population refers to the group of people that needs to be reached through the services
of your department. It could include individuals, households, communities, organisations or all the
people of the country. For example, a target population of a service could be all the households in
a particular local community living at or below the poverty level.

In most instances the total population is used to define the target population. Total population is
defined as the total number of individuals of all age, gender and race groups living in a particular
area. However, depending on the responsibilities of the department, the types of service points and
their beneficiaries, the target population may be defined by other factors, for instance, unemployed
people.

6. Travel distance threshold

Many people still have to travel long distances to their closest service points. Hence it is important
to use distances in determining the geographic accessibility of service points.
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