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m Present Perfect Continuous and Questions with How long ... ? and How many ... ?
Present Perfect Simple 38 p25 • We make Present Perfect Continuous questions with
How long . . . ? with:
• We usually use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk
about an activity that started in the past and continues How long + have + I/you/we/they + been + verb+ing
in the present: The company has been publishing guide How long + has + he/she/it + been + verb+ing
books for 40 years. How long have you been waiting here?

How long has Lonely Planet been publishing guide books?
has been publishing for 40 years
• We make Present Perfect Simple question~ with
How many .. . ? with:
past 40 years ago NOW future How many + have + I/you/we/they + past participle

• We usually use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about How many + has + he/she/ it + past participle
a state that started in the past and continues in the present: How many countries have you visited?
The book has been a best-seller since it was published How many books has Lonely Planet published?
in 1973.
TIP• We can also make questions with the Present Perfect
since 1973 has been a best-seller Simple and How much (+ noun) .. . ?: How much money have
4 1~ w ~, you spent so far?

past 1973 NOW future
l;JijlQlel;Jlat ----------------
TIPS• We often use the Present Perfect Continuous with verbs
that talk about longer activities: learn, rain, try, play, work, read,
m Asking for and making
wait, etc.: I've been learning English for five years.
recommendations 30 p28
• We don't usually use the Present Perfect Continuous with
verbs that talk about short actions: start, find, lose, break, buy, asking for recommendations
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stop, etc.: I've started a course. not /\'C been sta.rf:ing a course. Do you know any good places to stay/eat?
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• With some verbs, both verb forms are possible: I've lived/been What's the best way to (get around)?
living here for five years. He's worked/been working in Australia What else is worth se·eing?
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since 2011. What abo·ut (places o·utside Delhi)?
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Have you got any other tips?
Present Perfect Continuous recommending things
• We make the Present Perfect Continuous positive with: • • • •
It's probably best to (use rickshaws).
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I/you/we/they + 've or have + been + verb+ing I'd recommend (the trains).
he/ she/it + 's or has + been + verb+ing You should definitely se·e (the Red Fort).
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They've been travelling since 1972. That's well worth see1n~. • •• •
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You really must go to (Agra) to see (the TaJ Mahal).
The company has been publishing guide books for 40 years.
not recommending things
• We make the Present Perfect Continuous negative with:
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Don't bother going to (the museumsl .
I/you/we/they + haven't + been + verb+ing
It isn't re.ally worth visiting• (I don't think).
he/she/it+ hasn't + been + verb+ing
Don't drink anything with ice in it.
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I haven't been sleeping very well lately. I wouldn't eat any salads.
He hasn't been working here for very long.
responding to recommendations
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TIPS• We often use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk That's good to know.
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about the activity we have been doing: I've been doing my That sounds good.
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homework. (We don't know if the homework is finished or not.) Thanks, that's really useful.
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Yes, I've heard that before.
• We often use the Present Perfect Simple to say an activity is
finished: I've done my homework. (The homework is finished now.) • After It's (well/not) worth ... we use verb+ing: That's well
worth seeing.
HOW LONG ... AND HOW MANY ...
• After Don't bother ... we use verb+ing: Don't bother going
• We usually use the Present Perfect Continuous to say
to the museums.
how long an activity has been happening: Their television
company, Lonely Planet TV, has been making programmes • After I'd/I wouldn't ... we use the infinitive: I'd recommend
since 2004. the trains.
• We usually use the Present Perfect Simple to say how
many things are finished: Lonely Planet has published over
650 guidebooks since the company began.
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