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Airways  457


              Figure 4.5.16  Tracheal Malacia (Canine)                                                    CT
                                                                             9y FS Yorkshire Terrier with previously docu­
                                                                             mented tracheal collapse. The caudal cervical
                                                                             tracheal lumen (a: arrow) is flattened and
                                                                             less than 50% of the cross‐sectional area of
                                                                             the midcervical (b: arrow) and intrathoracic
                                                                             (c: arrow) trachea. Endoscopic examination
                                                                             confirmed dynamic bronchial (d: arrow­
                                                                             heads) and tracheal (not shown) collapse.








            (a) CT, TP                       (b) CT, TP





















            (c) CT, TP                       (d) ES


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