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                                                                     Over seven decades have elapsed since I started as a                      &RQWHQWV
                                                                     boy to chase after butterflies and shortly afterwards to
                                                                     document their biology, phenology & ethology. Hence
                                                                     the long list of people and institutions that helped me
 #                                                                                                                                            7   About the author & editors                110  Pseudochazara telephassa
                                                                     in many different ways and should be acknowledged for                    9   Introduction to Vol. III                  114  Pseudochazara pelopea
                                                                     contributing to the publication of Vol III, the second in              10   Climate change and Butterfly Diversity.    116  Pseudochazara mamurra
                                                                     the series on the Levant butterflies. It is also evident that          10   Butterfly conservation in the Levant.      118  Pseudochazara mniszechii
                                                                     it is impossible to enumerate everyone who supported                   11   The Wider Levant and its Butterflies       119  Pseudochazara lidya
                                                                     me along such a long track and I send all these good                   12   Acknowledgements                           120  Satyrus makmal
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 21-12-22 | 12:22:46 | SR:-- | Magenta
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 21-12-22 | 12:22:46 | SR:-- | Yellow
                                                                     “anonymous” souls my deepest appreciation for their                    14   How to use the book                        121  Satyrus favonius
 #21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 21-12-22 | 12:22:46 | SR:-- | Black
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 21-12-22 | 12:22:46 | SR:-- | Cyan
                                                                     help.                                                                                                                  122  Satyrus ferula
                                                                                                                                                                                            124  Ypthima asterope
                                                                     0HQDJHPHQW   PHQWRUV  DQG  PHPEHUV  RI  WKH  ,VUDHOL                                                                   128  Proterebia phegea
                                                                     /HSLGRSWHULVWV· 6RFLHW\  ,/6                                           16  1\PSKDOLGDH
                                                                     0HQDJHPHQW  Eliav Shnei-dor, Moshe Laudon, Inbal Sinai                18  1\PSKDOLGDH   JHQHUD     /LIH F\FOH          130  +HOLFRQLLQDH
                                                                     & Ofir Tomer.                                                                                                          130  Issoria lathonia
                                                                     5HJLRQDO   *HQHUDO PHQWRUV  Zvika Avni (South), Gadi                  26  /LE\WKHLQDH                                  132  Clossiana euphrosyne
                                                                     Ish-Am (North), Alon Toledo (Center), Evyatar Feingold (C             27  Libythea celtis                              133  Brenthis daphne
                                                                     Negev), Guy Pe’er, Oz Ben-Yehuda, Noam Kirshenbaum.                                                                    134  *HQXV Argynnis
                                                                     0RQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV         over 250 members in BMS                    28  'DQDLQDH                                     135  Argynnis niobe
                                                                     Israel regularly send their records every two weeks from              28   Danaus  chrysippus                          136  Argynnis aglaja
                                                                     over 200 fix tracks, led by: Racheli Shwarz-Tsachor, Tal              36   Danaus plexippus                            137  Argynnis adippe
                                                                     Melochna, Leah Benyamini, Achiad Sade, Ilana Erez &                                                                    138  Argynnis pandora
                                                                     Inbar Ktalav, but also by regional mentors: Shur Antebi,              38  &KDUD[LQDH                                   140  Argynnis paphia
                                                                     Tamar Arazuni, Dudu Ben-Or, Ilit Bloch, Orly Galor, Merav             38   Charaxes hansali
                                                                     Hazan, Tally Jacobi, Naomi Margalit, Yiftach Mazar, Eyal              40   Charaxes jasius                             142  /LPHQLWLGLQDH
                                                                     Mazliah, David Mosco, Itai Namir, Naomi Sivan & Noga                                                                   143  Limenitis reducta
                                                                     Tolger.
                                                                     Sporadic monitoring of groups and individuals from all                42  6DW\ULQDH                                    148 %LELOLGLQDH
                                                                     over the country are reported and “deposited” directly                43   Melanitis leda                               148 Byblia ilithyia & Byblia anvatara
                                                                     into BMS’ portals.                                                    44   Kirinia roxelana
                                                                     Photographs are deposited daily in ILS web & Facebook                 46   Lasiommata maera                            150 1\PSDKDOLQDH
                                                                     sites by over 100 photographers (Monitored by: Yaron                  48   Lasiommata megera                           151  Vanessa cardui
                                                                     Mish’an, Moshe Laudon & Shalev Weisman).                              50   Pararge aegeria                             156  Vanessa atalanta
                                                                     All the records are collected and transferred to the BMS              52    Coenonympha arcania                        162  Aglais urticae
                                                                     data management portal using Israel Pe’er’s (Glucad) IT               54   Coenonympha pamphilus                       164  Nymphalis polychloros
                                                                     (Information Technology) tools, smartphone applications               55   Coenonympha saadi                           166  Nymphalis xanthomelas
                                                                     and database. GIS is managed by Ronen Kadmon, Hebrew                  56   Hyponephele lycaon (incl. lycaonides)       167  Polygonia c-album
                                                                     University Jerusalem.                                                 58   Hyponephele lupinus                         168  Polygonia egea
                                                                     The influx of the records enriches our knowledge on the               60   Hyponephele wagneri                         170  Junonia hierta
                                                                     local fauna, moreover, these are excellent tools to alert             62   Maniola jurtina                             174  Junonia orithya
                                                                     on the appearance of rare migrants or species new to the              64   Maniola telmessia                           176  Hypolimnas misippus
                                                                     southern Levant and are used by DB across the books                   66   Maniola cypricola                           178  7ULEH 0HOLWDHLQL
                                                                     and are gratefully acknowledged.                                      68   Maniola megala                              182  Melitaea cinxia
                                                                     /HSLGRSWHUD UHODWHG  FRUUHVSRQGHQFH  contact with                     70   Melanargia titea                            184  Melitaea phoebe
                                                                     the following experts was essential to obtain the most                74   Melanargia wiskotti                         186  0HOLWDHD telona FRPSOH[
                                                                     up to date and correct information used across the                    76   Melanargia syriaca                          188  Melitaea telona
                                                                     whole series: Ali Atahan, Moran Avni, Werner Back,                    78   Brintesia circe                             190  Melitaea klili n. sp.
                                                                     Jem Babbington, Zsolt Bálint, Gian Cristoforo Bozano,                 80   Chazara briseis                             192  Melitaea collina
                                                                     Suncana Bradley, Steve Collins, John Coutsis, Wolfgang                82   Chazara persephone                          194  Melitaea arduinna levantina n. ssp.
                                                                     Eckweiler, Ulf Eitschberger, Gary Feulner, Konrad Fiedler,            86   Hipparchia                                  198  Melitaea acentria acentria
                                                                     Victor (Vic) Hitchings, Brigitte Howarth, Eddie John,                 88   Hipparchia fatua                            202  Melitaea acentria arabica n. ssp.
                                                                     David Jutzeler, Tristan Lafranchis, Torben Larsen, Ronny              92   Hipparchia statilinus                       206  Melitaea d. didyma & M. d. libanotica
                                                                     Leestmans, Vladimir Lukhtanov, Christodoulos Makris,                  94   Hipparchia syriaca                          208  Melitaea israela n. sp.
                                                                     ;DYLpU   9pURQLTXH 0pULW  =GHQĚN 0UDÿHN  *QWHU 0OOHU                96   Hipparchia senthes                          212  Melitaea syriaca
                                                                     Lazaros Pamperis, Guy Pe’er, Tony Pittaway, Peter Russell,            98   Hipparchia pellucida                        214  Melitaea deserticola
                                                                     Sean Ryan, Klaus Schurian, Gianluca Serra, Arthur M.                  99   Hipparchia mersina                          217  Melitaea athalia
                                                                     Shapiro, David Smith, Gerard Talavera, Wolfgang ten-                 100  Hipparchia cypriensis
                                                                     Hagen, John Tennent, Jeremy Thomas, Tom Tolman, Rudi                 102  Hipparchia parisatis
                                                                     Verovnik, José Luis Viejo, Roger Vila, Laurent Voisin, Jean-         103  Hipparchia pisidice                          218   Glossary & Abbreviations
                                                                     Claude Weiss, Martin Wiemers, Mark Williams, Steve                   106  Hipparchia tewfiki                           220   Systematic List
                                                                     Woodhall and Noushig Zarikian - their contributions are              108  Pseudochazara anthelea                       222   References and selected Bibliography
                                                                     appreciated.


              12   © Leah Benyamini
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