Page 22 - e-MODULE BIOLOGY ZALDY

1.3.

• Biodiversity is the diversity of organisms that shows the overall variation of genes,
species and ecosystems in an area.
• Biodiversity is differentiated:
1. Gene diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Ecosystem diversity
• The basis for studying biodiversity is manifold, the easiest way is by classification or
grouping.
• Biodiversity benefits humans. Some of the economic benefits of biodiversity for humans
include: consumptive benefits, productive benefits, and ecological benefits.
• Indonesia's biodiversity is unique, because the archipelago lies between the two
large biogeographic areas, namely the Oriental biogeographic area and the Australian
biogeographic area. The distribution of living things is different in the two areas of the
biography.
1. The area of Oriental biogeography includes the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali and
Kalimantan.
2. Australian biogeographic areas include the islands of Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa
Tenggara and Papua.
• However, the animals on Sulawesi are not entirely like those in the Australian
biogeographic area. but similar to the area of Oriental biogeography. So that Sulawesi
became a transitional area between Oriental and Australia.
• At the present time human activity is the biggest factor causing the decline in
biodiversity. Until now, various types of plants and animals are threatened with extinction
and some of them have become extinct. These activities include habitat destruction,
pollution, use of pesticides, selection of plant / animal species, and others. There are also
human activities to conserve biodiversity with the aim of :
1. Maintain a balance of ecosystems and animal / plant habitats.
2. Protect flora, fauna, soil and the environment from damage and extinction.
3. Maintaining high levels of biodiversity to sustain life.
4. Maintain state assets in the form of potential living natural resources.
• The classification of living things is the grouping of living things based on certain
characteristics they have. The classification system of living things can be divided into
natural classification systems, artificial systems (artificial), phylogenetic systems, and
modern systems.

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Biology/X.1/2020
Nusaputera SHS 22