Page 17 - e-MODULE BIOLOGY ZALDY

 Scientific Name Assignment Rules
The rules for an organism's scientific name are :
1. Using Latin or Latinized.
2. Consisting of two words.
3. The first word denotes the genus, the writing begins with a capital letter.
4. The second word denotes species, the writing begins with a regular letter.
5. Both words are italicized (italic) or underlined (separate for each word).
Examples: Zea mays (corn), Panthera tigris (tiger), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus
flower).

 Development of the Classification of Living Things
The classification system for living things has always been developing from time
to time. There are several classification systems that have been used internationally,
namely the two-kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia), the three-kingdom system
(Protista, Plantae, and Animalia), the four-kingdom system (Monera, Protista, Plantae,
and Animalia). Meanwhile, the classification system for living things to date is the five-
kingdom classification system proposed by Whittaker in 1969. The five-kingdom
classification system is based on the characteristics of the cell structure and the method
of obtaining food. Kingdom Fungi (mushrooms) were separated from the kingdom
Plantae on the grounds that mushrooms were unable to synthesize their own food.
Therefore, the classification of the five kingdom system consists of : Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

 Identification of Living Things
If a new or unknown organism is found, it needs to be identified. The
identification activity begins by observing its characteristics, then looking for
similarities and differences by comparing the new organism with the previously known
reference organism. After knowing its characteristics and comparing it with the
reference organism, a name is given.

In carrying out the identification, the following matters are required :
1. Knowledge of the classification of living things.
2. Reference books (libraries) or other reference sources.
3. Guidelines or keys of determination.
4. Pictures of known organisms and already have names.
5. Reference specimen (in the form of preserved organisms).

 Key Determination
The key to determination is a practical guide to identifying and classifying an organism
into a certain taxon rank. Each step in the key of determination is arranged based on the
characteristics of the organism which is an alternative form (opposite) so that it is called
a dichotomous key.

 In the dichotomous system determination key, each number consists of two
questions, namely a and b. Questions a and b are opposite each other.
 If you answered correctly in question a, proceed to the next question number
contained or listed in statement a.

Biology/X.1/2020
Nusaputera SHS 17