Page 13 - e-MODULE BIOLOGY ZALDY

5. Designating natural protected areas
The government under the Minister of Forestry has an agency that deals with areas of
natural protection, namely PHDA (Forest Protection and Nature Conservation). In
Indonesia, there are around 350 natural protected areas spread across various provinces.
The natural protected areas are distinguished:

a. Nature Reserve Forest
Nature Reserve Forest is a forest that has a function as the preservation of plant and
animal diversity as well as its ecosystem, and as a life support area. Life support means
that it must be able to meet the needs of the creatures that live in it. The nature reserve
area is divided into two areas, namely :
a. Nature preserve
Nature Reserve, has the characteristics of plants, animals and certain ecosystems that
need to be protected for the sake of science and culture, which takes place naturally.
b. Wildlife reserve
Has a distinctive characteristic in the form of diversity and or uniqueness of animal
species for science and culture. For its survival, its habitat is provided for guidance.

b. Nature Conservation Forest
Nature Conservation Forest is a forest, whose main function is for the protection of life
support systems, the preservation of plant and animal species diversity, and the
sustainable use of biological natural resources and their ecosystems. This forest is divided
into areas, namely :

1. National Park
Is a nature conservation area managed by a regional system. This regional system
consists of a core area and other areas that are used for the purposes of science,
tourism, recreation and education. Examples of national parks are Mount Gede
Pangrango National Park on Java Island and Kerinci Seblat National Park in
Sumatra.

2. Forest Park
Is a nature conservation area, mainly used for the collection of plants or animals;
whether natural or artificial, genuine or non-genuine type. Its forest gardens are
created for scientific, educational and training, cultural, tourism and recreational
purposes. An example of a large forest park is the Bogor Botanical Gardens in West
Java

3. Natural Park.
Is a tourism forest that has natural beauty, both the beauty of plants, animals, and
natural beauty that have distinctive features to be used for recreational and cultural
purposes. Examples of natural tourism parks include Flower Island in Kalimantan,
Lake Towuti, Lake Matano and Mahalono in Sulawesi, Lake Lebu, and Menipo
Island in Nusa Tenggara. Special marine parks are used as marine areas to be
developed and maintained for the protection of marine ecosystems, recreation,
tourism, education and culture. For example, Bunaken Marine National Park, Marine
Tourism Park in Sulawesi, Kupang Bay Marine Park, and Maumere Bay Marine Park
in Nusa Tenggara.

Biology/X.1/2020
Nusaputera SHS 13