Page 137 - Aldi Lukman Nurhakim_How to Write Critical Esays: A Guide for Students of Literature

136 How to write critical essays
Hammond, Gerald. The Reader and Shakespeare’s Young Man
Sonnets. Macmillan (London, 1981).
However, the Modern Language Association’s format for
punctuation is becoming increasingly accepted. This is: Title
(place: publisher, date): e.g. The Reader and Shakespeare’s
Young Man Sonnets (London: Macmillan, 1981).
For articles in all periodicals (ranging from daily newspapers
to quarterly, or even annual, publications by learned societies),
the sequence should be:

1) The surname of the article’s author.
2) Forename or initials of article’s author.
3) Title of article, not underlined, but enclosed in single
quotation marks.
4) Title of periodical underlined.
5) Where applicable, volume number. This is usually given on
the front cover in large roman numerals following either
the word Volume or its abbreviation (Vol.).
6) Date at which relevant issue appeared. Follow the
periodical’s own degree of specificity. The Times Literary
Supplement, for instance, is a weekly and identifies each
issue by printing the day of the month, the month and the
year of its publication. Critical Quarterly on the other hand
uses the four seasons, describing an issue as ‘Summer 1980’
or ‘Spring 1983’. Monthly magazines tend to give just
month and year.
7) Page numbers for that portion of the issue which is
occupied by the cited article.
Examples are:

Rudrum, Alan: ‘Polygamy in Paradise Lost’; Essays in
Criticism, Vol. XX, January 1970, pp. 18–23.
White, R.S., ‘Shakespearean music in Keats’ “Ode to a
Nightingale’”, English, Volume XXX (Autumn 1981): pp. 217–25.
Note that again punctuation, provided that it is not misleading,
is variable. Observe too the way the titles of literary works are
correctly presented in both cases: Keats’s ‘Ode to a Nightingale’
was first published with other poems in a volume of 1820: it is
placed in quotation marks. Paradise Lost first appeared as a
book on its own, so it is underlined.