Page 36 - PC 101 practical notes 24-25..
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MANSOURA NATIONAL UNIVERSIY
PHARM D- CLINICAL PHARMACY LEVEL I PHARM. ANAL. CHEM. I (PC 101)
A Ac ci id d- -B Ba as se e T Ti it tr ra at ti io on n C Cu ur rv ve e
♦ Introduction:(Definitions of some terms)
The Equivalence Point The End Point
[Theoretical] [Experimental]
- It is the point at which the added - It is the point at which the visual
amount of the standard solution is change of the indicator takes
chemically equivalent to the amount place in the titration.
of the substance being determined.
- Its real position can only be - Its position can be determined
theoretically calculated. experimentally.
- It is expressed by the volume of - It is expressed by the volume of
the titrant added. the titrant added.
The Titration Error
It is the difference between the equivalence point and the end point.
The more accurate the titrimetric method, the smaller the titration error.
• The Titration Curve of Acid-Base titrations:
It is the curve obtained by plotting the pH of the titrated solution (y-axis)
against the volume of the titrant added (x-axis). pH
The titration curve is characterized by a Sigmoid
shape and the midpoint of the vertical part of the
curve corresponds to the equivalence point.
Equivalence mls added
point of the titrant
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