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immune activation. That’s not passivity. That’s training.
It’s tolerance by design.
And central to that design are the CD103⁺ dendritic cells
we mentioned earlier. These cells reside in the lamina
propria of the intestinal mucosa and are constantly
sampling antigens that breach the epithelial barrier. But
unlike their counterparts in peripheral tissues, CD103⁺
dendritic cells are programmed to promote tolerance.
They metabolize vitamin A into retinoic acid and secrete
TGF-β—signals that, when presented with antigen, drive
the differentiation of naïve T cells into regulatory T cells
(Tregs) instead of T helper or cytotoxic T cells.
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