Page 227 - Binder2

Most diseases don’t start in the bloodstream.
They start at the borders—gut, lung, skin, nasal passages—
where pathogens invade and inflammation begins.

Delivering antibodies directly to these surfaces opens up a
different kind of therapeutic logic:

• Neutralize pathogens before they enter
circulation
• Suppress inflammatory signals at the site of
origin
• Avoid systemic exposure—and systemic immune
rejection

Oral antibodies don’t have to be absorbed to work. They
can function right where they’re delivered, binding to
microbial antigens, cytokines, or epithelial receptors in the
gut lumen or mucosal lining.

This is a shift from systemic control to local
intervention—with major implications for safety,
tolerability, and immune compatibility.

How Plants Are Making Oral Antibodies Possible

Antibodies are notoriously difficult to express outside of
mammalian systems because of their size, glycosylation
requirements, and multimeric structure. But plant
expression systems—especially chloroplasts and
endosperm-based platforms—are catching up fast.

What makes this feasible:

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