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JUDICIAL SYSTEM

The Courts of Justice are classified into three levels consisting of the Courts
of First Instance, the Courts of Appeal and the Supreme Court.

The Courts of First Instance are categorized as general courts, juvenile and
family courts and specialized courts. The general courts are ordinary courts which
have authorities to try and adjudicate criminal and civil cases. Those courts are :

Civil Courts, Criminal Courts, Provincial Courts and Municipal Courts (Kwaeng
Courts). The general courts in other provinces are comprise of the following for

each of the designated regions and associated provinces, Region...(I - IX). The
Administrative Office with respect to that of particular Provincial Courts and
Kwaeng Courts in Region I - IX provides management and administrative support

services to said courts.
The Court of Appeal handles an appeal against a judgment or order of Civil

Courts and Criminal Courts. Meanwhile the Regional Courts of Appeal handle an
appeal against a judgment or order of the other Courts of First Instance located

within their regions. The Establishment of the Court of Appeal for Specialized
Cases Act B.E. 2558 (2015) was enacted to facilitate judges with various expertise in
adjudicating specialized cases with expediency and uniformity and conform to the

new appeal and dika appeal system for ordinary civil cases already amended by
laws. The Act empowers the Court of Appeal for Specialized Cases to try and

adjudicate cases appealed from specialized courts as follows:
- Intellectual Property and International Trade Court;
- Tax Court;

- Labor Court;
- Bankruptcy Court;

- Juvenile and Family Court.
According to the promulgation of the Civil Procedure Code Amendment Act
(No. 27) B.E. 2558 (2015) which has come into force since November 8, 2558

(2015), the Supreme Court shall have the power to consider whether cases
submitted for the dika appeal to the Supreme Court deserves the permission for the

adjudication of the Supreme Court.