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M: The lecture and passage were about volcanoes and where they can occur. Volcanoes happen when
molten rock, ash, and gases escape from beneath the Earth’s crust. This molten rock is called magma
When the rock, ash, and gases escape it happens in a big explosion. Volcanic eruptions can take place
on the seabed or on land. These eruptions can cause mountains to form. When the molten rock cools
down, it becomes hard and can build 니 p mountains over time. They can happen when plates on the Earth’s
surface move or in places where the crust is thin. They have different names depending on how often they
erupt.

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M: One of the best known hotspots in the world is not on the seabed, like in Hawaii. It is thought to be under
Yellowstone Park in the US. There are several craters there. These are called calderas. The Yellowstone
Caldera is called a supervolcano. When it erupts, volcanic matter can change all of the land around it. S니 ch
a climactic event can even affect the weather all around the world. It has not erupted for over half a million
years. And it is not expected to erupt in the near future ‘ It is not dormant though. Deep under the park is a
large body of magma. It is covered in hot water and steam. This often escapes to the surface in what are
called geysers. This is where boiling water and steam repeatedly shoot up into the air from the ground
There are over 300 of them in the park. The area is so active that the land in the park can rise and fall by
up to 1 cm every year. The land in the park is now covered in trees and is filled with animals. But below the
surface lies tons of hot molten rock

[ Review 1 ]

l따젤R쿄셀-
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M: Hey Megan, are you going to attend the graduation ball next weekend?
W: 1 hope so, but it depends on if the administration gives me permission . . . they said they would let me
know by the end of this week
M: 1 don ’t understand. Why do you need permission to go? You are graduating, aren’t you?
W: Well last week 1 was told 1 do not have enough credits to graduate this spring
M: Seriously?
W: Yeah , they said 1 am missing a technical writing class and a few math credits. The dean of the college
said 1 could go to summer school and receive my diploma at the end of summer, but 1 would miss having
a graduation ceremony. Another option would be to come back in the fall and complete my classes. 1’m
still trying to figure out how 1 neglected to take those classes
M: What a huge inconvenience to have to go to school all summer. However, that sounds way better than
coming back in the fall
W: Having said that, since the graduation ball is only for graduating seniors, the administration wasn ’t sure if
that included me. 1 think it might be a school policy
M: 1’m sorry to hear about this. Hmmm ... well if they decide against you going, you should come hangout
with me, 1’m not going; it’s way too expensíve
W: That sounds like a plan Sam, but 1 hope 1 can go. It is supposed to be really fun
M: Give me a call when you find out. See ya later Megan!
W: Bye Sam

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