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                                        Design                                                  A 3D printer prints a





                                                                                                toy boat.






                                         Innovations                                            3D Printing


                                                                                                Also known as additive manufacturing,
                                                                                                3D printing is the process of making a
                                                                                                three-dimensional object by adding one
                                                                                                layer at a time.
                                                                                                   It works like this. First, a designer uses
                                                                                                software to create a blueprint, or plan, for the
                                                                                                object. (You can also find existing blueprints
                                                                                                online.) Next, the blueprint and the
                                                                                                materials—such as plastics or metals—are
                                                                                                loaded into a 3D printer. The materials are
                                                                                                heated to a liquid state, then hardened one
                                                                                                layer at a time to form the object.
                                                                                                   What’s so great about 3D printing? Using
                                                                                                this process, almost anybody can become a
                                                                                                manufacturer. Makers can design and print
                                                                                                objects quickly, at a fraction of the usual cost.
                                                                                                   For example, the 3D printing process
                                                                                                has allowed volunteers to create custom-
                                                                                                made artificial limbs. The limbs go to
                                                                                                people who could not afford expensive
                                        You may have heard the expression                       conventional prostheses.
                                        “necessity is the mother of invention.”                    In another example, a San Francisco

                                        What does it mean? When we need something               startup printed an entire “tiny house” in just

                                        that doesn’t exist, we invent it! Here are three        24 hours. It cost about $10,000. Now, various
                                                                                                organizations have proposed printing tiny
                                        (of many) recent innovations that are helping           houses to shelter the homeless.
                                        people around the world.


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