Page 6 - WCBM JAC 2020 Proceeding Book

The 8th WCBM Junior Academic Competition, November 7th, 2020

Cauliflower 389.5 1.0 0.9 350.6

Celery 302 1.0 0.8 241.6

Cantaloupe 261 0.8 0.9 187.9

Honeydew 80.5 0.8 0.9 58.0

Onion 971.2 1.0 0.9 874.1

Pumpkin 207.6 0.9 0.1 186.8

Squash 384 0.9 0.1 345.6

Watermelon 578.8 0.7 0.9 364.6

c. Field Crops

Crop V = 2016~2019 D = Dependence P = V * D * P =
Average Production On Insect Proportion Of APVAH(Average
Value Pollination Pollinators That Production Value
($ millions) Are Honeybees Attributable To
Honeybees,
($ millions)

Cotton 6012.7 0.2 0.8 962.0

Peanut 1130 0.1 0.2 22.6

Rapeseed 4.8 1.0 0.9 4.3

Soybean 2.6 0.1 0.5 0.1

Sugarbeet 1300 0.1 0.2 26

Sunflower 471.1 1.0 0.9 423.9

Total 26,222.3 2016-2019 avg. sum = 13,591.9

Of the 26 crops analyzed, almonds showed the highest average production value attributed to honeybees, with
$5,200 million per annum. It was the only major U.S crop to have full dependence on honeybees for pollination.
Carrots and onions also had significant dependencies on the hymenopterans. 90% of both onion and carrot
industries were attributed to honeybees, with $1,651.3 million each year by honeybees.
In total, $13,591.9 million of the U.S agricultural industry was attributed annually by honeybees. 52% of net
production values of major entomophilic crops were attributable to honeybees. In 2017, the U.S agricultural
industry was worth $1.053 trillion. This means that bees comprise 7.6% of the entire agricultural industry, which
is the highest contribution by a single species.
Colony collapse disorder has brought steep declines in honeybee populations. According to Britannica, an
average of 33% of colonies were lost each year from 2006 to 2011. Moreover, from April of 2015 to 2016, 95%
CI [39.8, 41.1] of U.S colonies died with reasons mainly attributed to CCD. (Kulhanek et al, 2016)
By interpreting future CCD trends, the authors were able to assess the potential economic losses due to CCD.
The Annual Economic Loss due to CCD can be estimated by multiplying annual honey bee population loss to the

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