Page 28 - Gi_May2020

SUPPORTING HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

DEPLOYMENT AND SCALE-UP

Introduction competitive, but this was not always the currently they lack the ‘motive’. Against
Hydrogen has the potential to case. A combination of market support this context, the UK government and in
decarbonise the UK’s use of gas measures linked to decarbonisation particular the Department for Business,
for heating, transport and power impact and incentivising cost reduction Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS)
generation. In addition to acting as over more than a decade provided the has a legal obligation to decarbonise the
a fossil fuel substitute, hydrogen market signals to corporate investors, heating and transport sectors, so the
is an energy vector which enables manufacturers and project developers question that remains is: “How?”.
energy to be stored and transferred that such projects were increasingly If UK government decides to support
between these applications, much like worth investing in. the development and scale up of
electricity is now. Based on Kiwa’s experience to hydrogen infrastructure, fundamental
Small-scale, local infrastructure date, this paper makes the case that strategic industry support will be
projects have proven the technical providing similar market support necessary to develop:
feasibility of substituting fossil fuels measures for the development and New technologies and new
for hydrogen. Kiwa has advised on the operation of hydrogen infrastructure infrastructure or the adaptation of
development of hydrogen infrastructure projects should attract the private existing infrastructure to enable the
projects for many years and one thing investment required to scale these safe production, storage, distribution
is abundantly clear. The production, up to the point where they become and use of hydrogen.
storage, distribution and use of as investible, as with offshore wind New markets and changes to existing
hydrogen will only become competitive farms today. regulation to enable the trading of
against fossil fuelled alternatives once Figure 1 below illustrates a generic hydrogen as an energy vector.
the scale of a hydrogen infrastructure hydrogen infrastructure project New skills and working practices to
is comparable with that used to showing the available options from design, build and operate the new
mine, ship, store and distribute such generation to consumption. infrastructure and the development of
competing alternatives. At a national The development of national scale standards to govern these.
scale, hydrogen is no more expensive to hydrogen infrastructure will require It is clear that BEIS will need to work
store and distribute than natural gas, so the development and growth of a new jointly with GDNOs, standards bodies
it presents a much cheaper alternative industry. Fortunately, the skills, the and market regulators to support the
to the additional storage and generation available capital and the appetite for establishment of a hydrogen industry
capacity that the national grid would investment risk to develop similar and the deployment and scale-up of
require if heating and transport were infrastructure(s) already exists in the hydrogen infrastructure nationally.
to be decarbonised by electrification oil and gas sector. However, without Each of these bodies will also need
alone. For this reason, hydrogen should market support to develop and operate to consult with colleagues working
not be viewed as a competitor to new projects, aligned with the strategic in related technology areas to ensure
renewable power generation, but rather support to nurture this new industry, that any support provided continues
an enabler of its expansion. the companies involved lack the to offer best value for money versus
National scale, renewable power necessary incentives to make the move the alternatives. For example, only
generation projects, such as offshore to hydrogen a reality. Whilst they have by taking a strategic perspective and
HYDR OGEN LANDSCAPE
wind farms, are now accepted as market the ‘means’ and the ‘opportunity’, being flexible enough to react to market
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
FIGURE 1 A GENERIC HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT SHOWING OPTIONS FROM GENERATION TO CONSUMPTION
NATURAL NATURAL INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL
GAS GAS INDUSTRIAL PIPEWORK PIPEWORK
HYDROGEN
INDUSTRIAL HYDROGEN LANDSCAPE
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
PIPEWORK
NATURAL
GAS
NATURAL GAS
INFRASTRUCTURE NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL HYDROGEN CONNECTION PIPEWORK CONNECTION MARKETPLACE MARKETPLACE
HYDROGEN
INDUSTRIAL
HYDROGEN STORAGE
NATURAL
MARKETPLACE
HYDROGEN
PIPEWORK
STORAGE
INDUSTRIAL
HYDROGEN
PIPEWORK
STORAGE
STORAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE
PRODUCTION
GAS GAS INFRASTRUCTURE HYDROGEN HYDROGEN HYDROGEN HYDROGEN CONNECTION CONNECTION MARKETPLACE MARKETPLACE
PIPEWORK
HYDROGEN
GAS
PRODUCTION
CONNECTION
MARKETPLACE
INFRASTRUCTURE
HYDROGEN
STORAGE
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTION PRODUCTION STORAGE STORAGE CONNECTION CONNECTION MARKETPLACE
INFRASTRUCTURE
NATURAL CARBON CAPTURE CARBON CAPTURE
CARBON CAPTURE
INDUSTRIAL
STORAGE
GAS STORAGE CARBON CAPTURE STORAGE HYDROGEN PIPEWORK
HYDROGEN
INFRASTRUCTURE CARBON CAPTURE CARBON CAPTURE ODORANT CONNECTION IMPORTER MARKETPLACE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
PRODUCTION
STORAGE
ODORANT
IMPORTER
IMPORTER
ODORANT
IMPORTER
ODORANT ODORANT EXPORTER IMPORTER EXPORTER
ODORANT
EXPORTER
IMPORTER
EXPORTER
CARBON CAPTURE HYDROGEN HYDROGEN EXPORTER EXPORTER
HYDROGEN
STORAGE TO / FROM INDUSTRY HYDROGEN
TO / FROM INDUSTRY
HYDROGEN TO / FROM INDUSTRY
HYDROGEN
TO / FROM INDUSTRY
RENEWABLE RENEWABLE POWER STORAGE STORAGE TO / FROM INDUSTRY TO / FROM INDUSTRY
POWER
LOW PRESSURE /
STORAGE
POWER
RENEWABLE
ENERGIES MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT STORAGE ODORANT LOW PRESSURE / IMPORTER
LOW PRESSURE /
METHANE REFORMER
HIGH PRESSURE
ENERGIES
RENEWABLE
HIGH PRESSURE
STORAGE
ENERGIES
HIGH PRESSURE
METHANE REFORMER
RENEWABLE RENEWABLE POWER MANAGEMENT METHANE REFORMER STORAGE PIPEWORK CONNECTION LOW PRESSURE / EXPORTER
RENEWABLE POWER
POWER
LOW PRESSURE /
ENERGIES
LOW PRESSURE /
PIPEWORK CONNECTION
HIGH PRESSURE
ENERGIES ENERGIES MANAGEMENT METHANE REFORMER HIGH PRESSURE PIPEWORK CONNECTION HEAT
ENERGIES MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT METHANE REFORMER
HIGH PRESSURE
METHANE REFORMER
PIPEWORK CONNECTION
PIPEWORK CONNECTION HYDROGEN HEAT
PIPEWORK CONNECTION
HEAT
TO / FROM INDUSTRY HEAT HEAT COOKING
COOKING
HEAT
COOKING
POWER
COOKING
DOMESTIC USERS
RENEWABLE POWER PRESSURE STORAGE LOW PRESSURE / (HOMES) DOMESTIC USERS COOKING POWER
COOKING
POWER
POWER
DOMESTIC USERS
PRESSURE
MANAGEMENT
ENERGIES
POWER
(HOMES)
PRESSURE
FIXTURE / FITTINGS
HIGH PRESSURE
REDUCTION ST
SHORT TERM MANAGEMENT METHANE REFORMERATION REDUCTION STATION FIXTURE / FITTINGS COMMERCIAL USERS DOMESTIC USERS (HOMES) POWER POWER
DOMESTIC USERS
SHORT TERM
DOMESTIC USERS
STORAGE STORAGE PRESSURE REDUCTION STATION PIPEWORK CONNECTION (HOMES) COMMERCIAL USERS
FIXTURE / FITTINGS
PRESSURE
SHORT TERM
(HOMES)
COMMERCIAL USERS
PRESSURE
SHORT TERM
REDUCTION STATION
FIXTURE / FITTINGS
STORAGE
COMMERCIAL USERS
SHORT TERM SHORT TERM REDUCTION STATION REDUCTION STATION FIXTURE / FITTINGS FIXTURE / FITTINGS COMMERCIAL USERS (HOMES) HEAT
STORAGE
STORAGE STORAGE COMMERCIAL USERS
ELECTROLYSER ELECTROLYSER CARS COOKING
ELECTROLYSER
CARS
POWER
CARS
ELECTROLYSER
TRAINS
WIND ELECTROLYSER ELECTROLYSER PRESSURE DOMESTIC USERS CARS TRAINS
WIND WIND SHORT TERM REDUCTION STATION FIXTURE / FITTINGS (HOMES) CARS TRAINS
CARS
BUSES
TRAINS
WIND WIND WIND STORAGE COMMERCIAL USERS TRAINS BUSES
TRAINS
BUSES
LORRIES BUSES LORRIES
BUSES
TRANSPORT COMMERCIAL BUSES LORRIES
LORRIES
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
ELECTROLYSER (HYDROGEN QUALITY) (HYDROGEN QUALITY) LORRIES COMMERCIAL
LORRIES
COMMERCIAL
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT (HYDROGEN QUALITY) COMMERCIAL CARS
TRANSPORT COMMERCIAL
(HYDROGEN QUALITY)
COMMERCIAL
WIND
SOLAR PV SOLAR PV (HYDROGEN QUALITY) (HYDROGEN QUALITY) TRAINS
SOLAR PV
SOLAR PV
SOLAR PV SOLAR PV BUSES
LORRIES
TRANSPORT COMMERCIAL
(HYDROGEN QUALITY)
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SOLAR PV
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