Page 103 - DISSERTATION AND THESIS HANDBOOK 2017 -2020

Neilsen (1998) states:

As I prepared to begin my doctoral research, I clung to one truth that seemed

enduring. Qualitative approaches to educational research, approaches that

relied on observation, description, and analysis, especially through writing

and talking, seemed most consistent with my increasingly complex

perspective on literacy and learning, my need as a researcher to tap into

deeper social and political forces than I had to date, and my ongoing love for

writing as a mode of learning, researching, and creating connection among

people (p. 57).

Citing an indirect or secondary source:
The APA Style web site states, “Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when
the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in
English. Give the secondary source in the reference list, in text, name the original
work and give a citation for the secondary source.”

Andrew Douglas (as cited in Whalen, 1999) has examined the consequences

of approaching adult education from a market-led perspective.

In another context, a primary source refers to a document or physical object which
was created during the time under study. Some types of primary sources include
original documents, diaries, speeches, official records, creative works, or artifacts.
Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.

Citing personal communications (including email, interviews etc.)
She felt that ―universities must better inform the public as to how

taxpayers’ dollars translate into future benefits for societyǁ (M. Singer,

personal communication, March 3, 1998).

Citing web documents

103