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Obstacles to progress

Distortions

Each of the following doesn't just distort the ability for an African government to manage

its own affairs. Each increases the volatility of societal and political interactions.
m̩
ɡ
The 'zuŋ u is seemingly unaware of this. Or perhaps they just look the other way'.
Even institutions like the World Bank and IMF have had to come to the realisation that they

themselves have previously left too little 'policy space' ( a euphemism if there ever was one !) for
African governments.

They at least can argue that their reforms are necessary (arguably so, but at least its a reasonable

ɡ
m̩
ɡ
m̩
argument) But it's little more than negligence for 'zuŋ u institutions and 'zuŋ u
governments not to take responsibility for the 'interference' caused by their own country's
people and organisations.
m̩
ɡ
There's a lot of hypocrisy in the 'zuŋ u world. One is constantly reminded of the words
like 'Pharisees' and 'Whited Sepulchres'.

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Foreign Aid

m̩ 'zuŋ u perceptions of Foreign Aid
ɡ
“ We find that, within countries, those with relatively higher incomes are more likely to

prefer lower government spending on Foreign Aid (ODA). We also find that preferences
for ODA are higher in countries with greater income inequality. “

"Foreign Aid Preferences and Perceptions in Donor Countries." 297
Kaufmann, Daniel, Eoin F. McGuirk, and Pedro C. Vicente.
Journal of Comparative Economics 47, no. 3 (September 2019)

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“ Compared to 2017, the proportion of malnourished people (20%) has increased in
almost all regions of Africa. The worst-hit regions are East Africa, where almost 31% of

the population suffer from malnutrition, and Central Africa, where the figure is 26.5%.
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Development aid has a nice moral ring to it, and in some people's view, it constitutes a
kind of quasi-religious atonement for the sins of colonialism and the "exploitation of the
Third World" by capitalist countries. But does it really achieve what its proponents hope it

will?
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