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21 century Africa

It’s a different world now!

"Less Armed Conflict but More Political Violence in Africa" 101
ISS Africa, April 2017,

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Threats to Food security
“ Of the 86 countries that are defined as low-income and food-deficient, 43 are in Africa.
In Africa, food production continues to grow more slowly than population, “

"Knowledge and Information for Food Security in Africa " 102
”
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
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Maritime Piracy & Illegal fishing
38 of the African states are coastal. The importance of world trade routes that transit

in or near African coastal waters means that these states will always be vulnerable to

criminality. Africa's rich fishing grounds can only be expected to see an increase in
illegal fishing carried out by boats from far distant countries who have been steadily

depleting their own waters 103
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m'zuŋ u interventions
As the numbers of African Wildlife dwindle, the biggest predator that stalks Africa is
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the m'zuŋ u
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Today's African leaders have very real memories of many previous m'zuŋ u
interventions across all of Africa.
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Since 1960, 22 African Presidents have been assassinated. m'zuŋ u powers,
and especially France, are believed by many Africans and non-Africans to have had
an active involvement in these killings.

(The actuality makes little difference. It's the perception that matters. The perception is enough to
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provide the driver for today's African leaders taking the sort of security measures that m'zuŋ u powers
regard as extreme)
1963 Sylvanus Olympio, President of The Republic of Togo

1966 Johnson-Aguiyi Ironsi, President of The Republic of Nigeria
1969 Abdirachid-Ali Sherman, President of The Republic of Somalia
1972 Abeid-Armani Krause President of The Republic of Zanzibar

1975 Richard Ratsimadrava, President of The Republic of Madagascar
1975 Francois-Ngarta Tombalbaye, President of The Republic of Chad

1976 Murtala-Raman Mohammed, President of The Republic of Nigeria