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21 century Africa
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It’s a different world now!

1977 Marien Ngouabi, President of The Republic of Congo-Brazzaville
1977 Teferi Bante, President of The Republic of Ethiopia

1977 Anwar Sadat, President of The Republic of Egypt
1981 William-Richard Tolbert, President of The Republic of Liberia
1987 Thomas Sankara, President of The Republic of Burkina-Faso

1989 Ahmed Abdallah, President of The Republic of Comoros
1989 Samuel-Kanyon Doe, President of The Republic of Liberia

1992 Mohammed Boudiaf, President of The Republic of Algeria
1993 Melchior Ndadaye, President of The Republic of Burundi
1994 Cyprien Ntaryamira, President of The Republic of Burundi

1994 Juvenal Habyarimana, President of The Republic of Rwanda
1999 Ibrahim Barre-Mainassara, President of The Republic of Niger

2001 Laurent-Desired Kabila, President of The Republic of Congo-Kinshasa
2009 Joao Bernardo Vieirinha, President of Guinea-Bissau

2011 Mouammar Khadafi, President of The Republic of Libya
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France is known to have used its intelligence agencies DGSE & SDECE to pursue
aggressively its policy of FrancAfrique and to control supposedly independent African

nations.

French intervention in the Central African Republic (CAR) is just one example of
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how a m'zuŋ u power 'bullies' (and harms) an 'unco-operative' African state.
After independence in 1960, the CAR remained heavily dependent on the
support of France. Almost every CAR leader came to power through a French-backed

military coup. In 2012, former CAR president Francois Bozize refused the use of the

country's uranium mines by the French company ARENA, which did not suit Paris.
After that the French special services are believed by many to have been

responsible for the creation of a radical group, Séléka, to overthrow the president and

to have sent more than 200 instructors to an African country to train guerilla fighters.
In December 2013, French troops entered the CAR in an effort to "restore order"

in the country after Séléka had overthrown the government. Operation Sangaris was
France's seventh military intervention in CAR since the county's independence in 1960.

It is reasonable to say that the CAR is now dependent on the presence of French

troops to maintain stability inside its borders.