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The struggle for independence

“Vade Retro domum” - “Nolo Relinquere”

were headed by Robert Mugabe and consisted primarily of Shona tribes. ZAPU and its
military wing ZIPRA consisted mainly of Ndebele under Joshua Nkomo

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Cold War politics played into the conflict. The Soviet Union supported ZIPRA and China
supported ZANLA. Each group fought a separate war against the Rhodesian security

forces, and the two groups sometimes fought against each other as well. In June 1979,
the governments of Cuba and Mozambique offered direct military help to the Patriotic

Front, but Mugabe and Nkomo declined.

***
Backed by proxy by the United States and its Western allies, the Rhodesian Front (RF)
took an uncompromising position against the communist ideology of the ZIPRA and

ZANLA.

***
The United States took the official position that it would not recognize Rhodesia as an
independent sovereign. However, many American soldiers who had seen combat in

Vietnam quickly joined into the Rhodesian Front.

***
Inevitably, the Bush War occurred within the context of regional Cold War in Africa, and

became embroiled in conflicts in several neighbouring countries. Such conflicts included
the Angolan War of Independence (1961–1975) and Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), the

Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974) and Mozambican Civil War (1977–
1992), the South African Border War (1966–1989), and the Shaba I (1977) and Shaba II
(1978) conflicts.

Britain's unwillingness to compromise led to Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of
independence (UDI) on 11 November 1965. "

"Rhodesian Bush War." 120
Wikipedia,
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"De-colonisation" & "Independence"

“ The year 1960 is conventionally used as the "stylised date" of independence, for the
good reason that it saw the end of colonial rule in most of the French colonies south of