Page 134 - Volume 1_Go home mzungu Go Home_merged with links

The struggle for independence

“Vade Retro domum” - “Nolo Relinquere”

States, which committed to a withdrawal of Cuban and South African military personnel
from Angola and South West Africa, respectively. PLAN launched its final guerrilla

campaign in April 1989. South West Africa received formal independence as the Republic
of Namibia a year later, on 21 March 1990 "

"South African Border War." 119
Wikipedia
*****
Zimbabwe

“ The Rhodesian Bush War - also called the Second Chimurenga and the Zimbabwe War
of Liberation - was a civil conflict from July 1964 to December 1979 in the unrecognised
country of Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe-Rhodesia). The conflict pitted three forces against

one another: the Rhodesian white minority-led government of Ian Smith (later the
Zimbabwe-Rhodesian government of Bishop Abel Muzorewa); the Zimbabwe African

National Liberation Army, the military wing of Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African
National Union; and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army of Joshua Nkomo's
Zimbabwe African People's Union.

***
The origin of the war in Rhodesia can be traced to the conquest of the region by the
British South Africa Company in the late 19th century, and the dissent of native leaders
who opposed foreign rule. Britons began settling in Southern Rhodesia since the 1890s,

and while it was never accorded full dominion status, these settlers effectively governed
the country after 1923.

***
In his famous "Wind of Change" speech, UK Prime Minister Harold Macmillan revealed
Britain's new policy to only permit independence to its African colonies under majority

rule. But many white Rhodesians were concerned that such immediate change would
cause chaos, as had resulted in the former Belgian Congo after its independence in

1960.

***
Amidst this backdrop, African nationalists advocated armed struggle to bring about
black rule, primarily denouncing the wealth disparity between the races. Two rival

nationalist organisations emerged in August 1963: the Zimbabwe African People's Union
(ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), after disagreements about
tactics, as well as tribalism and personality clashes. ZANU and its military wing ZANLA