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The struggle for independence

“Vade Retro domum” - “Nolo Relinquere”

independence on 1 September 1961 on the mountain of Adal, near the town of Agordat in
south-western Eritrea. Ethiopia annexed Eritrea the next year.

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Following the Ethiopian Revolution in 1974, the Derg abolished the Ethiopian Empire and
established a Marxist-Leninist communist state. The Derg enjoyed support from the

Soviet Union and other communist nations in fighting against the Eritreans supported by
the United States and various other nations. The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF)

became the main liberation group in 1977, expelling the ELF from Eritrea, then exploiting
the Ogaden War to launch a war of attrition against Ethiopia. The Ethiopian government
under the Workers Party of Ethiopia lost Soviet support at the end of the 1980s and was

overwhelmed by Ethiopian anti-government groups, allowing the EPLF to defeat
Ethiopian forces in Eritrea in May 1991.

The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), with the help of the

EPLF, defeated the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) when it took control
of the capital Addis Ababa a month later. In April 1993, the Eritrean people voted almost

unanimously in favour of independence in the Eritrean independence referendum, with
formal international recognition of an independent, sovereign Eritrea in the same year."

"Eritrean War of Independence," 113
Wikipedia
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Guinea- Bissau

“ The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence was an armed independence conflict that took
place in Portuguese Guinea between 1963 and 1974. Fought between Portugal and the
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, an armed independence

movement backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union, the war is commonly referred to as
"Portugal's Vietnam" due to the large numbers of men and amounts of material expended

in a long, mostly guerrilla war and the internal political turmoil it created in Portugal. The
war ended when Portugal, after the Carnation Revolution of 1974, granted independence

to Guinea-Bissau, followed by Cape Verde a year later. “

"Guinea-Bissau War of Independence." 114
In Wikipedia

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