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The 19 century m'zuŋ u scramble for Africa
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"

of British subjects were murdered or injured, Britain intervened in the nominally Ottoman

Egypt, which it controlled for decades. "

"Berlin Conference" 67
Wikipedia

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“ ...the industrial revolution and mechanization of European industries ignited an

unprecedented demand for natural resources. The abundance of raw materials available
Africa (such as rubber, minerals, and oil) thus emerged as a viable solution to fuel the

burgeoning industry of European factories. This amalgamation of factors drove Europe,
into a race to claim territory and obtain raw materials in what became known as the
"Scramble for Africa." (Gain & Duigan) "

“Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1960” 68
Gann, Lewis H., and Peter Duignan

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Leopold II & Chancellor Bismarck

Leopold II
“ Leopold II was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and, through his own

efforts, the owner and absolute ruler of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908.

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Leopold fervently believed that overseas colonies were the key to a country's greatness,

and he worked tirelessly to acquire colonial territory for Belgium

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After numerous unsuccessful schemes to acquire colonies in Africa and Asia, in 1876
Leopold organized a private holding company disguised as an international scientific and
philanthropic association, which he called the International African Society, or the

International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of the Congo. In 1878, under
the auspices of the holding company, he hired explorer Henry Stanley to explore and

establish a colony in the Congo region. Much diplomatic maneuvering among European
nations resulted in the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 regarding African affairs, at
which representatives of 14 European countries and the United States recognized

Leopold as sovereign of most of the area to which he and Stanley had laid claim. On 5