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the load factor increases, leading to more collisions.
9.5.2 Average Case vs Worst Case Performance
• Average Case: With a good hash function and moderate load factor, insertion,
deletion, and search operations take (1)time.
• Worst Case: If many collisions occur (e.g., poor hash function or very high load
factor), operations degrade to ( ), because searching may require scanning
multiple slots or traversing long chains.
Example: Demonstrating Worst Case with Poor Hash Function
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