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Aircraft general knowledge
8.12.3.2 Ammeter ........................................................................................ 766
8.12.3.3 Voltmeter ....................................................................................... 766
8.12.3.4 Flap indikator ................................................................................. 766
8.12.3.5 Low Voltage Warning ..................................................................... 766
8.12.3.6 Clock….. ......................................................................................... 767
8.12.3.7 Stall Warning .................................................................................. 767
8.12.4 The pitot-static system .......................................................................... 767
8.12.4.1 Dynamic pressure ........................................................................... 768
8.12.4.2 Static pressure................................................................................ 768
8.12.5 AirSpeed Indicator ASI ........................................................................... 769
8.12.5.1 The airspeed indicator .................................................................... 770
8.12.5.2 Speed designations......................................................................... 771
8.12.5.3 Instrument error ............................................................................ 771
8.12.6 Altimeter ............................................................................................... 771
8.12.6.1 QNH… ............................................................................................ 772
8.12.6.2 Transition altitude .......................................................................... 773
8.12.6.3 Practical use of the altimeter .......................................................... 773
8.12.7 Variometer (Vertical Speed Indicator VSI) .............................................. 775
8.12.8 Gyro instruments .................................................................................. 776
8.12.8.1 Sources of error .............................................................................. 777
8.12.8.2 Turn indicator and turn coordinator ............................................... 778
8.12.8.3 Attitude indicator ........................................................................... 779
8.12.8.4 Directional indicator (Directional gyro) ........................................... 780
8.12.9 Magnetic compass ................................................................................. 782
8.12.9.1 Sources of error .............................................................................. 783
8.12.9.2 Remote compass ............................................................................ 784
8.12.10 Avionics, radio equipment .................................................................... 785
8.12.10.1 GPS, COM/NAV-radio, Transponder ............................................... 785
8.12.10.2 Indicator ........................................................................................ 785
8.12.10.3 EFIS....... ......................................................................................... 786
8.12.10.4 Latest tecnology AHRS (Attitude and Heading Reference System) .. 787
8.12.10.5 IMU (Inerti Measuring Unit) ............................................................ 788
Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© marts 2026 674
