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Navigation

If the aircraft is equipped with a transponder, this must be switched on during

flight. If the transponder is in mode C, it must be in the ALT position.

Mode S (SIERRA): In addition to the transponder code and altitude, the mode
also sends registration information and speed to ATC and to other aircraft

equipped with Mode S transponders within range.

Mode S provides the air traffic controller with this information directly on the

computer screen, so that he is immediately aware of the aircraft's identification

and altitude, and whether the aircraft is ascending or descending in altitude.

In addition, computer systems generate vectors that show the aircraft's position

in time, based on the current flight direction and speed. The air traffic controller

can then see if there is or will be conflicting traffic.

Here the signal from a single aircraft is seen on a radar-generated computer

screen.

See animation here

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9.10.5 Radio operation

Often you will have to call one or more radio stations during the flight. You must

study the equipment in the aircraft thoroughly before use.

9.10.5.1 Radio frequencies

Check that you have the necessary frequencies on the chart where you will use

them.

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© marts 2026 905