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90 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Smart Cities 91

and mode of travel and will include information regarding total trip time, trip
time reliability, and cost of various options.

Urban Analytics Services

Urban analytics within a smart city will be utilized to measure and improve ac-
cess to jobs, transportation safety, and transportation efficiency and to provide
the enabling services to manage transportation user experience. Urban analytics
will be driven by data links, centralized data hubs, and enterprise data manage-
ment systems that make use of big data techniques to provide the raw material
for sophisticated analytics. The services will also be enabled by open data cloud
approaches.

Urban Automation Services
Urban automation services will be supported by autonomous vehicle technol-
ogy for private vehicles, driverless shuttles, company and public agency fleets,
taxis, and paratransit. Urban automation will also extend to the use of driverless
vehicles and drones to deliver packages.

Urban Delivery and Logistics Services
This involves the use of advanced information and communication technolo-
gies to improve and optimize delivery and logistics within the smart city envi-
ronment. This will include information services to the driver and fleet managers
regarding traffic congestion and the delivery of optimized routing information
services.

User-Focused Mobility Services
Public and private supported mobility services will be combined into a portfolio
of choices available to the smart city traveler. It is likely that a marketplace ap-
proach will be taken to this, allowing for the acquisition of a range of mobility
services through a central information point or website. This range of services
will be complemented by travel information services that can provide detailed
information on the mobility services choices available.

5.5 Smart City Objectives

The root objectives of the smart city from a transportation perspective are safety,
efficiency, and enhanced user experience. These objectives can be decomposed
into a more detailed list of objectives. It is likely that smart city objectives will
consist of at least two levels—higher-level objectives that capture policy and
more detailed objectives that are used to guide planning and delivery. Examples
of high-level policy objectives are listed as follows: