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          Figure 5.11	 Lessons	learned	from	the	London	Congestion	Charge	project.



          Politics
          This encompasses the ability to gain and retain political support for the project
          by communicating the value of the services to be delivered. A structured out-
          reach program is required to initially communicate the value and benefits of
          the program to political decision-makers. The outreach must then continue to
          ensure that the political support gained during the initial communications is
          maintained throughout the life of the project implementation.
               It should be noted that additional policy requirements can drive up the
          cost of the project. Transport for London’s experience was that this type of proj-
          ect required a larger budget for communications and marketing; this was partly
          due to the need to explain the advanced technologies involved to the public and
          partly to explain why a congestion charge was necessary and how the revenue
          would be used to improve transportation. From a smart city perspective, it may
          also be necessary to allocate a larger budget for outreach and communications
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