Page 254 - Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities

234 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Benefit and Cost Estimation For Smart City Transportation Services 235

The numbers for smart factories, educational facilities, and healthcare fa-
cilities are based on a best estimate of one facility for every 5,000 population.
The average cost of urban package delivery was assumed as a best estimate
of $10 USD. With respect to electric vehicle charging points, it was assumed
that a smart city will eventually feature the same density of electric vehicle
charging points as currently exhibited by gas stations in the United States. Na-
tional figures for gas stations [3] were proportioned according to the smart city
population to derive the number of electric vehicle charging. U.S. population
statistics were obtained from the U.S. Census website [2].
The electric vehicle operating cost reduction was derived by comparing
published cost of electric vehicle operation, (assuming an electricity cost of
$0.10 USD per kilowatt), against the cost of operating a private vehicle [17].
Regarding safety statistics, fatalities per 100,000 population per year and
injured persons per 100,000 population per year were derived from nationally
published figures [18], proportioned according to the population of the smart
city. The assumed societal cost of fatalities and injury accidents were derived
from the same reference [18]. With respect to calculations involving the value
of travel time saved, the average travel time per person per day [7] was propor-
tioned by the population of the smart city.
With respect to big data and analytics it is assumed that total cost of own-
ership of 1 TB of data is approximately $12,000 USD per year [8] and that a
smart city will generate approximately 1 TB of data every day [19].

11.6 Smart City Cost and Benefit Estimation

Following the methodology explained in the Section 11.5, smart city benefits
and cost estimates for each of the 16 services are explained in the following
sections.

Define Smart City Transportation Services
As noted in Section 11.5, the 16 smart city transportation services that were de-
fined in Chapter 5 are used as a basis for this methodology. Since several of the
services do not provide direct benefit, but act as enablers to release benefit from
the other services, it is necessary to separate the services into two categories for
the purposes of the methodology. This is described in the next section.

Separate Services into Those That Deliver Direct Benefit and Those That Are
Enablers
Table 11.7 shows the 16 services grouped according to direct benefit and ben-
efit-enabling services.
Services are categorized as enablers for the following reasons.