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24	        Big	Data	Analytics	for	Connected	Vehicles	and	Smart	Cities	                	                      Questions to Be Addressed	                  25


                                        Table 2.2
               National ITS Architecture Program Travel and Traffic Management User Services Bundle
            User Service            Notes
             1.1 Pretrip travel information  The provision of traveler information services to travelers
                                    before they embark on a trip.
             1.2 En-route driver information  The provision of traveler information services within the
                                    vehicle for drivers of vehicles.
             1.3 Route guidance     Turn-by-turn instructions to enable drivers to get efficiently
                                    from point A to point B. This can be based on historic data
                                    or can incorporate current traffic conditions.
             1.4 Ride matching and reservation Matching demand for ride-sharing with available capacity
                                    and providing travelers with prereservation capabilities.
                                    Uber is a great example.
             1.5 Traveler services information  The delivery of information to travelers regarding services
                                    that are available and that may be needed on the journey.
             1.6 Traffic control    This includes traffic control services provided by traffic
                                    signals and by traffic control and dynamic message signs
                                    on freeways.
             1.7 Incident management  Services required to manage the incident process from
                                    detection through verification and response to clearance.
             1.8 Travel demand management  Services to identify and assist in the management of the
                                    demand for travel.
             1.9 Emissions testing and   Services to measure, monitor, and mitigate the
             mitigation             environmental effects of the transportation process.
             1.10 Highway rail intersection  Services to manage the potential conflict between rail
                                    vehicles and road vehicles at grade railroad crossings.



                                        Table 2.3
              National ITS Architecture Program Public Transportation Management User Services Bundle
           User Service               Notes
            2.1 Public transportation management  Services to automate the operations planning and
                                       management of public transit systems, including buses
                                       and railed vehicles.
            2.2 En-route transit information  Services to provide real-time information to transit
                                       system passengers.
            2.3 Personalized public transit  Services that provide demand-actuated transit services
                                       to individual travelers.
            2.4 Public travel security  Services that protect and enhance the security of the
                                       traveling public.

          delivered specifically for visitors, and this would of course require additional
          questions.

          How Do We Optimize Land Use?
          This rather broad question has several related subquestions. The first of these
          would be, What exactly is the impact of land use on transportation? This is
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