Page 68 - Hand rearing birds second

Table 2.5 (Continued)
Abbreviations: d: day, H: hatchling 1–3 days, N: nestling, Fl: fledgling, Juv: juvenile, F: female, M: male.

Species Mouth color Gape flanges Integument Tarsus/Toes Approx. Weight (g) Other Features and References
Yellow Warbler Reddish Bright yellow Down: scant light Pinkish buff. d 0: 1.5 F: 9.2 (0.5) Nest: cup. Leave nest: 9–12 d
(Setophaga orange smoke gray (or cream) d 7: 9 M: 9.6 (0.5) (as early as 8–9 d). Eyes open
petechia) on head, back, wings, 3–5 d.
thighs. Refs: 1, 6, 7 (bna.454), 9
Skin: reddish.
Northern Deep pink Whitish, thin. Down: sparse, long, d 0: 3.5 F: 41.8 (2.9) Nest: bowl shape in fork.
Cardinal or N: creamy and medium gray on back. d 7: 23 M: 43.5 (1.9) Leave nest: as early as 9 d.
(Cardinalis red-orange thicker Skin: Pinkish‐apricot, Fl: 27.1 Sounds: begging call loud by
cardinalis) black as adult. d 5.
Refs: 1, 7 (bna.440)
Black‐headed Reddish Yellow or ivory Down: sparse, Apricot orange; d 0: 3 F: 46.1 (3.3) Nest: cup. Leave nest: 10–14
Grosbeak apricot white grayish‐white in pinkish beige by d 3: 6 M: 48.2 (4.8) d. Eyes open 8 d. Sounds:
(Piranga occipital areas and d 5. d 4: 10 faint high‐pitched peeps, then
melano‐cephalus) along main tracts. continuous whee–you, builds
Skin: apricot‐orange, to loud begging when parent
paler by d 1–4. arrives.
Lemon‐yellow Refs: 1, 7 (bna.143)
underwing coverts
show early.
North American family groups with pink‐red mouth interiors: corvids, kinglets, waxwings, silky‐flycatchers (Phainopepla), Old World sparrows (House or English Sparrow),
pipits, wagtails, finches, longspurs, New World sparrows, Yellow‐breasted Chats, icterids (including meadowlarks and orioles), wood warblers, cardinals (including tanagers,
grosbeaks, some buntings, and Dickcissel).

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