Page 63 - Hand rearing birds second

Abbreviations: d: day, H: hatchling 1–3 days, N: nestling, Fl: fledgling, Juv: juvenile, F: female, M: male.
Other Features and
Species Mouth color Gape flanges Integument Legs/feet Approx. Weight (g) References
Northern Yellow Off white or Down: plentiful dark gray Long legs. White d 0: 2.7–4.5 48.5 Nest: open cup. Leave
Mockingbird creamy yellow or sepia‐brown, gray and nails turn dark. d 6: 26 nest: 10–15 d (avg 12), fly
(Mimus white first feathers. d 16: 40 well 8 d post‐fledge. Eyes:
polyglottos) Skin: light pink w/yellow iris dark gray to gray‐
tint. green in juvenile.
Sounds: H and N make
single high‐pitched peep.
Ref: 7 (bna.7)
European Bright yellow Lemon yellow, Down: very long, thick, Long legs. d 0: 5.5–7 F: 84.4 (4.2) Nest: in cavity. Leave nest:
Starling or orange thick, very light brown and grayish‐ d 17–18: 78 M: 87.6 (4.8) 18–21 d
(Sturnus prominent larger white on head, dorsum Fl: 71 Eyes partly open 6 d, fully
vulgaris) lower mandible and humerus. open 8 d.
Skin: pink. Sounds: H single squeaky
Juv: gray‐brown plumage, note, later raucous. Beaks
blackish bill, turns yellow of juv and non‐breeding
in first winter. birds are dark, turning
bright yellow during
breeding.
Ref: 7 (bna.48)
North American family groups with yellow‐orange mouth interiors: Tyrant flycatchers, shrikes, vireos, larks, swallows, chickadees, titmice, verdins, Bushtits, nuthatches,
creepers, wrens, gnatcatchers, gnatwrens, dippers, sylviid warblers (Wrentit), thrushes, mockingbirds, thrashers, and starlings.

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