Page 58 - Hand rearing birds second

Other Features and References Nest: open cup. Leave nest: 10–12 d. Eyes partly open 6 d. Refs: 1, 7 (bna.527), 8, 9 Nest: shallow cup on ground. Leave nest: 9–12 d, independent 21–30 d post–fledge. Eyes open: 4 d. Refs: 1, 2, 7 (bna.195), 8, 9 Nest: in cavity. Leave nest: 28–31. Eyes partly open: 6 d, f

16.8 (1.0) F: 54.1 (4.8) M: 53.5 (3.8) 21.6 (2.0) 10.8 (0.8) 5.3 (0.4)

Approx. Weight (g)
Table 2.4 Guide to identification of representative hatchling and nestling songbirds: YELLOW TO ORANGE MOUTHS. All have anisodactyl feet. 32.2
Abbreviations: d: day, H: hatchling 1–3 days, N: nestling, Fl: fledgling, Juv: juvenile, F: female, M: male.
Other Features and d 0: 1.5–1.8 d 0: 3–3.5 d 6: 20–24 d 0: 1.5–2.2 d 10: 22.1 d 0: <1–2 d 3+: 3.5–4
Species Mouth color Gape flanges Integument Legs/feet Approx. Weight (g) References d 6: 12.5 d 0: 2.4 Fl: 22.3 Fl: 47–52 d 0: ~1 d 15: 11
H to Fl Adult
Mean (SD)
Western Yellow-orange Bright yellow, Down: white. Copper to smoke d 0: 2–3 39.6 (2.8) Nest: open cup. Leave
Kingbird swollen Skin: reddish to pinkish. gray d 7: 16–17 nest: 13–19 d,
(Tyrannus Fl: tail has whiter outer Fl: 36 independent by 2–3 wks. Pinkish‐ colored, Short pink legs,
verticalis) edges, darkish “mask” Refs: 1, 7 (bna.227) Pinkish buff, turn lead gray neutral gray small chubby Legs pinkish Long, delicate legs, light pink
beak to eyes. Legs/feet then light Short legs.
Willow Yellow‐orange Pale yellow then Down: gray. d 0: 1.4–2.2 F: 13.7 (1.5) Nest: open cup in fork of feet. gray. feet.
Flycatcher brighter yellow Skin: Pinkish. d 4: 7.2 M: 13.1 (1.4) slender branch. Leave
(Empidonax Beak: buffy orange to pink Fl: 12.5 nest: 12–15 d, earlier if
traillii) d 9: buffy wing bar disturbed. Eyes partly
evident. open: d 6.
Sounds: H faint weep‐
weep, Fl peep.
Refs: 1, 7 (bna.533)
Say’s Phoebe Reddish-orange Yellow and thin Down: Sparse, light gray. d 0: 2 (est.) 20.9 (2.5) Nest: open cup (resting brownish gray on dorsal Down: light gray on head Skin: Light pink or bright Buffy orange feather patch Down: pale mouse gray on
(Sayornis saya) Juv: upperparts browner on ledge or pocket, or Down: sparse, gray or Skin: pinkish‐orange, Down: very long, pale creamy buff‐yellow on head and back Skin: 3 small dark spots on on dorsal rump shows Skin: pinkish‐orange. Down: none at hatch. First feathers appear crest‐like on crown.
than adult, 2 distinct nest of other species). Skin: reddish pink.
cinnamon buff wing bars. Leave nest: 13–21 d. Integument Down: none. and dorsum. reddish pink.
Ref: 7 (bna.374) turns gray. brown. tongue. dorsum. Skin: pink.
Loggerhead Yellow-orange Yellow‐orange Down: sparse, white on Pink‐orange, d 0: 2.8–3.5 50.5 (3.0) Eats small vertebrates, areas. early.
Shrike palate, scarlet back, tan in wings. nails, hooked d 8: 21 carrion, insects. Nest:
(Lanius throat, orange Skin: gray but appears Fl: 48 open cup. Leave nest:
ludovicianus) tongue pinkish‐orange. 17–21 d, dependent until
Beak: orange yellow. 3–4 wks post‐fledge. Abbreviations: d: day, H: hatchling 1–3 days, N: nestling, Fl: fledgling, Juv: juvenile, F: female, M: male.
Gape flanges White to light beige Thin, yellow Light yellow, prominent Creamy white, somewhat prominent at first White Cream or pale yellow
Refs: 1, 7 (bna.231)

Mouth color Yellow to bright orange Bright orange-yellow Lemon‐yellow Yellow‐orange Bright yellow Orange‐red to orange‐yellow

Species Red‐eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) Purple Martin (Progne subis) Cliff Swallow (Petrocheli‐don pyrrhonota) Black‐capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)

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