Page 29 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

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Chronic and

osteoarthritic pain

Kate White and James Hunt

ngoing pain in dogs and cats presents speci c A have been identi ed as experiencing
challenges in terms of diagnosis, evaluation of decreased quality of life, compared with
pain, and response to treatment. Persistent pain una ected dogs iseman rr et al., 6 . he
may result from ongoing in ammatory focus of this chapter will be managing chronic
conditions, such as degenerative joint disease pain associated with osteoarthritis.
(Brown et al., 8 or neoplasia Brown et al.,
9 , resulting in ongoing nociceptive and
in ammatory pain; impingement on, or Peripheral components
dysfunction of, neural tissue Brisson, 1 ; of pain
Plessas et al., 1 producing neuropathic pain;
or maladaptive changes following tissue Nociceptive pain
healing, akin to persistent post-surgical pain in
humans at and Selt er, 9 , which may Potentially tissue-damaging stimuli (heat,
include aspects of continued in ammatory and pressure, cold, chemical are capable of
neuropathic pain, although the authors are activating speci c ion channels e.g. RPV1,
unable to identify any veterinary case reports of RPA1 located within Aδ and C bre nociceptor
the latter in the literature. One or more cell membranes, permitting the in ux of
mechanisms of central sensiti ation see below sodium and calcium, and generating action
may be provoked by, and further contribute to, potentials, which are transmitted to the dorsal
any of the above sources of persistent pain. horn of the spinal cord. At synapses with
usculoskeletal pain represents a signi cant ascending projection neurones, primary
disease burden in veterinary species, with a erent bres release glutamate, which binds
of adult dogs ohnston, 1997 and over of to ligand-gated sodium and calcium channels
adult cats (Bennett et al., 1 demonstrating A PA, N A , causing postsynaptic
radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease depolarization and propagation of action
. E ective management of pain in such potentials to the brainstem, from where
conditions is imperative for the welfare of autonomic responses to nociception are
a ected animals; dogs a ected by osteoarthritis coordinated, and higher centres, where

24 BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice. Edited by Ian Self. ©BSAVA 2019

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