Page 33 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

VetBooks.ir Pain assessment tool Examples of use Comments

• Owner questionnaire for before and after
Bennett and orton, 9
Client questionnaire of
behavioural and lifestyle changes month of therapy
• our domains mobility, activity, grooming,
temperament
eline usculoskeletal Pain (Benito et al., • Owner questionnaire
Index PI • 21 questions covering activity, pain
intensity and overall QoL
Client questionnaire of (Slingerland et al., • Owner questionnaire
behavioural and lifestyle changes • 26 questions covering activities, lifestyle
and behaviours
• Based on Bennett and orton 9 and
Lascelles et al.
Client Speci c utcome A patient speci c tool for all • Objective tool designed between owner
easures CS species; templates are and veterinary surgeon for each cat to
available (Lascelles et al., assess measures to which the client can
relate
Combination of CS PI (Gruen et al., • Novel methodology to limit the placebo
used before and after cessation e ect including a masked washout period
of trial
End of trial uestionnaires ielm B rkman et al., • Can be used to assess satisfaction with
trial or guessing what group the animal
was in
Visual analogue scale VAS as been used in acute pain • Useful low cost, basic observational tool
in cats (Slingsby et al.,
Numeric rating scale NRS as been used in acute pain • Useful low cost, basic observational tool
in cats (Ingwersen et al.,
Simple descriptive scale S S Clarke and Bennett, • Simple tool
• 3–5 answers ranked on a severity scale
Pain assessment tools for maladaptive pain in cats. QoL = quality of life.

examination. A gentle, slow and thorough A comprehensive history must also be taken
approach will also ensure a solid relationship of to identify the signs of OA (Klinck et al., 1 .
trust is established with the owner. he use of a checklist or uestionnaire for the
he evaluation should begin with a general owner to carefully consider the animal’s
examination before proceeding to a complete behaviours and activity ensures no aspects are
neurological and orthopaedic examination. In omitted. It is also worth questioning the owner
addition, the animal should undergo systematic about the person ality of the cat or dog as this
myofascial palpation, with gentle pressure can a ect the pain assessment both at home
along the muscle bellies starting on the neck, and in the hospital environment (Zeiler et al.,
working along the longitudinal muscles either 14 . here remains uncertainty as to whether
side of the spinous processes, to the pelvic the owner should be reminded of their previous
girdle and down each muscle mass. During the answers or scoring when they revisit for
palpation it may be possible to locate follow-up (Muller et al., 16 . In all situations, it
myofascial trigger points; these discrete and is important to consider the sensory and
usually longitudinal regions are hardened areas a ective emotional aspects of pain. uestions
in the muscle belly, distinct from generalized for the owner should attempt to address both
muscle spasm. these domains.

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