Page 394 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

384 FLUID THERAPY

42. Littman MP, Dambach DM, Vaden SL, et al. Familial 63. Otto CW. Central venous pressure monitoring. In:
protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropa- Blitt CD, editor. Monitoring in anesthesia and critical care
thy in soft coated Wheaten terriers: 222 cases medicine. 2nd ed New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1990.
(1983-1997). J Vet Int Med 2000;14:68–80. p. 169–210.
43. Lorente L, Lecuona M, Ramos MJ, et al. The use of rifam- 64. Palmon SC, Lloyd AT, Kirsch JR. The effect of needle
picin-miconazole-impregnated catheters reduces the inci- gauge and lidocaine pH on pain during intradermal
dence of femoral and jugular catheter-related bacteremia. injection. Anesth Analg 1998;86:379–81.
Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1171–5. 65. Pierce CM, Wade A, Mok Q. Heparin-bonded central
44. Machon RG, Raffe MR, Robinson EP. Central venous pres- venous lines reduce thrombotic and infective complications
sure measurements in the caudal vena cava of sedated cats. in critically ill children. Intensive Care Med
J Vet Emerg Crit Care 1995;5:121–9. 2000;26:967–72.
45. Marin MG, Lee JC, Skurnick JH. Prevention of nosocomial 66. Rabe C, Gramann T, Sons X, et al. Keeping central venous
bloodstream infections: effectiveness of antimicrobial- lines open: a prospective comparison of heparin, vitamin C
impregnated and heparin-bonded central venous catheters. and sodium chloride sealing solutions in medical patients.
Crit Care Med 2000;28:3332–8. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1172–6.
W
46. Marks SL, Hanel R. EZ-IO : A new technique for emer- 67. Randolph AG, Cook DJ, Gonzales CA, et al. Benefit of
gency vascular access. NAVC Clinician Briefs 2010; In heparin in peripheral venous and arterial catheters: system-
press. atic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled
47. Marsh-Ng ML, Burney DP, Garcia J. Surveillance of trials. Br Med J 1998;316:969–75.
infections associated with intravenous catheters in dogs 68. Rochon PA, Gill SS, Litner J, et al. A systematic review of
and cats in an intensive care unit. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc the evidence for hypodermoclysis to treat dehydration in
2007;43:13–20. older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52:
48. Mathews KA, Brooks MJ, Vallient AE. A prospective study M169–M176.
of intravenous catheter contamination. J Vet Emerg Crit 69. Salzman MB, Isenberg HD, Shapiro JF, et al. A prospective
Care 1996;6:33–43. study of the catheter hub as the portal of entry for
49. Mermel LA. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related microorganisms causing catheter-related sepsis in neonates.
infections. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:391–402. J Infect Dis 1993;167:487–90.
50. Mesfin GM, Higgins MJ, Brown WP, et al. Cardiovascular 70. Sasson M, Shvartzman P. Hypodermoclysis: an alternative
complications of chronic catheterization of the jugular vein infusion technique. Am Fam Physician 2001;64:1575–8.
in the dog. Vet Pathol 1988;25:492–502. 71. Schultz AA, Drew D, Hewitt H. Comparison of normal
51. Murphy LM, Lipman TO. Central venous catheter care in saline and heparinized saline for patency of IV locks in
parenteral nutrition: a review. J Paren Enter Nutr neonates. Appl Nurs Res 2002;15:28–34.
1987;11:190–201. 72. Seldinger SI. Catheter replacement of the needle in
52. Nahum E, Levy I, Katz J, et al. Efficacy of subcutaneous percutaneous arteriography; a new technique. Acta radiol
tunneling for prevention of bacterial colonization of femo- 1953;39:368–76.
ral central venous catheters in critically ill children. Pediatr 73. Snydman DR, Gorbea HF, Pober BR, et al. Predictive value
Infect Dis J 2002;21:1000–4. of surveillance skin cultures in total-parenteral-nutrition-
53. Nakayama M, Munemura Y, Kanaya N, et al. Efficacy of related infection. Lancet 1982;2:1385–8.
alkalinized lidocaine for reducing pain on intravenous 74. Solomon DD, Arnold WL, Martin ND, et al. An in vivo
and epidural catheterization. J Anesth 2001;15:201–3. method for the evaluation of catheter thrombogenicity.
54. Niesen KM, Harris DY, Parkin LS, et al. The effects of hep- J Biomed Mater Res 1987;21:43–57.
arin versus normal saline for maintenance of peripheral 75. Spilezewski KL, Anderson JM, Schaap RN, et al. In vivo
intravenous locks in pregnant women. J Obstet Gynecol biocompatibility of catheter materials. Biomaterials
Neonatal Nurs 2003;32:503–8. 1988;9:253–6.
55. Norden CW. Application of antibiotic ointment to the site 76. Strand CL, Wajsbort RR, Sturmann K. Effect of iodophor
of venous catheterization - a controlled trial. J Infect Dis vs iodine tincture skin preparation on blood culture
1969;120:611–5. contamination rate. J Am Med Assoc 1993;269:1004–6.
56. O’Grady NP. Applying the science to the prevention of 77. Suojanen JN, Brophy DP, Nasser I. Thrombus on indwell-
catheter-related infections. J Crit Care 2002;17:114–21. ing central venous catheters: the histopathology of “Fibrin
57. O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, et al. Guidelines sheaths” Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2000;23:194–7.
for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related 78. Swaim SF, Riddell KP, Geiger DL, et al. Evaluation
infections. Pediatrics 2002;110:e51. of surgical scrub and antiseptic solutions for surgical
58. Olson K, Rennie RP, Hanson J, et al. Evaluation of a no- preparation of canine paws. J Am Vet Med Assoc
dressing intervention for tunneled central venous catheter 1991;198:1941–5.
exit sites. J Infus Nurs 2004;27:37–44. 79. Thayer GW, Carrig CB, Evans AT. Fatal venous air embo-
59. Osuna DJ, DeYoung DJ, Walker RL. Comparison of three lism associated with pneumocystography in a cat. J Am Vet
skin preparation techniques in the dog. Part 1: Experimen- Med Assoc 1980;176:643–5.
tal trial. Vet Surg 1990;19:14–9. 80. Timsit JF, Sebille V, Farkas JC, et al. Effect of subcutaneous
60. Osuna DJ, DeYoung DJ, Walker RL. Comparison of three tunneling on internal jugular catheter-related sepsis in crit-
skin preparation techniques. Part 2: Clinical trial in 100 ically ill patients: a prospective randomized multicenter
dogs. Vet Surg 1990;19:20–3. study. J Am Med Assoc 1996;276:1416–20.
61. Otto CM, Kaufman GM, Crowe DT. Intraosseous infusion 81. Tkachenko BI, Evlakhov VI, Poyasov IZ. Relationship
of fluids and therapeutics. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet between venous return and right-atrial pressure. Bull Exp
1989;11:421–30. Biol Med 2001;131:421–3.
62. Otto CM, Rieser TM, Brooks MB, et al. Evidence of 82. Trissel LA. Handbook on injectable drugs. 11th ed
hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Am Bethesda, Md: American Society of Health-System
Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:1500–4. Pharmacists, Inc; 2001.