Page 85 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Disorders of Sodium and Water: Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia 75

TABLE 3-5 Mean Maximal Values for electrolytes and osmotic pressure in healthy beagles.
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Parameters of Total 3. Atkins CE, Tyler R, Greenlee P. Clinical, biochemical,
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WDT RVPT AVPT traumatically induced central diabetes insipidus in a dog.
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Uosm (mOsm/kg) 2199 1518 933 5. Bagley RS, de Lahunta A, Randolph JF, et al.
Urine specific gravity 1.063 1.042 1.021 Hypernatremia, adipsia, and diabetes insipidus in a dog
Uosm/Posm 7.2 5.6 3.3 with hypothalamic dysplasia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc
1993;29:267.
From Hardy RM, Osborne CA. Water deprivation test in the dog: 6. Bagshaw SM, Townsend DR, McDermid RC. Disorders
maximal normal values. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979;174:479; Hardy RM, of sodium and water balance in hospitalized patients.
Osborne CA. Aqueous vasopressin response test in clinically normal dogs Can J Anaesth 2009;56:151.
undergoing water diuresis: technique and results. Am J Vet Res 7. Betjes MGH. Hyponatremia in acute brain disease: the
1982;43:1987; and Hardy RM, Osborne CA. Repositol vasopressin cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Eur J Int Med 2002;13:9.
response test in clinically normal dogs undergoing water diuresis: technique 8. Biewenga WJ, Rijnberk A, Mol JA. Osmoregulation of sys-
and results. Am J Vet Res 1982;43:1991. temic vasopressin release during long-term glucocorticoid
*Normal dogs undergoing routine water deprivation testing (WDT), excess: a study in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Acta
repositol vasopressin testing (RVPT), and aqueous vasopressin testing Endocrinol 1991;124:583.
(AVPT). 9. Bissett SA, Lamb M, Ward CR. Hyponatremia and
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and consisted of USG values of 1.012 to 1.033, urine cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1590.
osmolalities of 429 to 1437 mOsm/kg, and urine/ 10. Boag AK, Coe RJ, Martinez TA, et al. Acid-base and elec-
plasma osmolality ratios of 1.5 to 5.1. 68 Water should trolyte abnormalities in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign
bodies. J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:816.
be provided ad libitum during testing, but water loading
11. Brady CA, Vite CE, Drobatz KJ. Severe neurological
should not be performed in clinical patients. sequelae in a dog after treatment of hypoadrenal crisis.
In the repositol vasopressin test, 3 to 5 U of vasopres- J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:222.
sin tannate in oil (pitressin tannate) is given intramuscu- 12. Breitschwerdt EB, Root CR. Inappropriate secretion of
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injection. Parameters of urinary concentrating ability are 13. Breitschwerdt EB, Verlander JW, Bribernik TN.
measured before and at 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after injec-
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in three dogs. J Am Vet
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The standard or modified water deprivation test is the retention of the nephrotic syndrome? Nephron
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ADH that may be present in hydropenic individuals, the imentally induced rupture of the canine urinary bladder.
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