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Case Study: Pulp and Paper Mill Impacts 943

Munkittrick et al. (1999) Hewitt et al. (2000) McMaster et al. (1996b) Kukkonen et al. (1999) Karels et al. (1999) Lappivaara et al. (2002) Mellanen et al. (1999) Soimasuo et al. (1998a) Sepúlveda et al. (2001) Jones et al. (2003)

Refs. Pacheco and Santos (1999)

Exposure Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Bleached kraft Various Various Various Various

Duration Up to 14 days 4 days Up to 16 days Living in secondary treatment pond 3 days 1 month 30 days 30 days 30 days 28–56 days 32–108 days

Accumulation of MFO inducers, steroid ligands Source: Adapted from Munkittrick, K.R., in Fishes and Forests: Worldwide Watershed Interactions and Management, Northcote, T.G. and Hartman, G.F., Eds., Blackwell Scientific,

Endpoints Organ size, histology, steroids, vitellogenin MFO, bile conjugates, vitellogenin, steroids Physiological stress responses Whole organism, steroids, vitellogenin EROD, biochemical, whole organism

Summary of Caging Studies of Pulp Mill Effluent Effects on Fish

MFO Steroids MFO and biochemical Vitellogenin gene Physiological parameters

Catostomus commersoni Carassius auratus Carassius carassius Anguilla anguilla Coregonus lavaretus Micropterus salmoides Anguilla diefenbachii and A. australia

Species

TABLE 24.4 White sucker Goldfish Crucian carp Eel Whitefish Largemouth bass Long- and short-finned eels Oxford, pp. 336–361, 2004.