Page 76 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition
P. 76

Epidemiology of Animal Poisonings in the United States Chapter | 2  43




  VetBooks.ir


























             FIGURE 2.5 Most common toxicants associated with poisoning deaths reported to an animal poison control center from 2013 to 2016 (ASPCA
             Animal Poison Control Center, unpublished data, 2016).


             (17%), rodenticides (16%), plants (9%), automotive pro-  REFERENCES
             ducts (predominantly ethylene glycol, 9%), and cleaning
                                                                American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA).
             products (8%). Organophosphate insecticides, ethylene gly-
                                                                  Top pet toxins of 2016. ,http://www.aspca.org/news/announcing-
             col and long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides were the top
                                                                  top-pet-toxins-2016. (accessed 1.03.17.).
             three agents responsible for deaths in animals in 1998,
                                                                American Kennel Club (2017) Dog Registration Statistics, 2015–2016,
             whereas between 2002 and 2010 the three most common
                                                                  2005.  (http://www.akc.org/content/news/articles/most-popular-dog-
             agents associated with deaths were all insecticides: pyre-  breeds-full-ranking-list/?button ).
             throids (permethrin), carbamates, and organophosphates  ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, unpublished data, 2010.
             (Hornfeldt and Murphy, 1998; McLean and Hansen, 2010).  Beasley, V.R., Trammel, H.L., 1994. Incidence of poisonings in small
             As shown in Fig. 2.5, between 2013 and 2016, the most  animals. In: Kirk, R.W. (Ed.), Current Veterinary Therapy X.
             common causes of animal deaths reported to one APCC  Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 97 113.
             were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and rodenticides.  Berny, P., Caloni, F., Croubels, S., Sachana, M., Vendenbroucke, V.,
                                                                  Davanzo, F., et al., 2009. Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 2: com-
                                                                  panion animals. Vet. J. 183, 255 259.
                                                                Cat Fancier’s Association (CFA), 2010. Top 10 breeds. ,http://www.
             CONCLUSIONS
                                                                  cfa.org/ezine/features.html#top10..
             Poisonings are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality  Cope, R.B., White, K.S., More, E., Holmes, K., Nair, A., Chauvin, P.,
             in animals, particularly in dogs and cats. Based on infor-  et al., 2006. Exposure-to-treatment interval and clinical severity in
                                                                  canine poisoning: a retrospective analysis at a Portland Veterinary
             mation obtained by veterinary clinics and human and
                                                                  Emergency Center. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 29, 233 236.
             APCC, the incidence of animal poisoning does not appear
                                                                Forrester, M.B., Stanley, S.K., 2004. Patterns of animal poisonings
             to be waning, although the agents to which animals are
                                                                  reported to the Texas Poison Center Network: 1998 2002. Vet.
             exposed do change with time. While significant pesticide  Hum. Toxicol. 46, 96 99.
             exposures may be on the decline due to the development  Galey, F.D., 1996. Disorders caused by toxicants. In: Smith, B.P. (Ed.),
             of newer and less toxic pesticides, exposures to other  Large Animal Internal Medicine, second ed. Mosby, St. Louis, MO,
             agents, such as chocolate and pharmaceutical agents, may  pp. 1974 1991.
             be on the rise. Knowing what agents have the potential to  Giuliano Albo, A., Nebbia, C., 2004. Incidence of poisonings in domes-
             be involved in serious toxicoses should allow veterinar-  tic carnivores in Italy. Vet. Res. Commun. 1, 83 88.
             ians to better educate their clients on means of preventing  Guitart, R., Croubels, S., Caloni, F., Sachana, M., Davanzo, F.,
             animal poisonings through the appropriate use of house-  Vandenbroucke, V., et al., 2010a. Animal poisoning in Europe. Part
                                                                  1. Farm livestock and poultry. Vet. J. 183, 249 254.
             hold products and the removal of potential hazards from
             the animals’ environments.
   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81