Page 115 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition

94 PART I The Biology and Pathogenesis of Cancer

available for the study (e.g., referral, have a willing and capable 6. Hinchcliff KW, DiBartola SP: Quality matters: publishing in the
owner, live long enough to have a confirmed diagnosis). Although era of CONSORT, REFLECT, and EBM, J Vet Intern Med 24(8–
9), 2010.
this may improve the validity of the study (e.g., by increasing com-
VetBooks.ir pliance and reducing loss to follow-up), it reduces the relevance to, 7. Sargeant JM, O’Connor AM, Dohoo IR, et al.: Methods and
processes of developing the strengthening the reporting of obser-
for example, primary practice. Therefore clinicians must be able to
apply the rules of evidence to determine both the quality and rel- vational studies in epidemiology – veterinary (STROBE-Vet) state-
ment, J Vet Intern Med 30:1887–1895, 2016.
evance of information for their specific situation and patients. Other 8. Dorn CR, Taylor DO, Frye FL, et al.: Survey of animal neoplasms
authors in this text will present current information on treatments in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. I. Methodol-
for cancer, and a further review of the literature is beyond the scope ogy and description of cases, J Natl Cancer Inst 40:295–305, 1968.
of this chapter. Hopefully, the quality of the veterinary literature will 9. Dorn CR, Taylor DO, Schneider R, et al.: Survey of animal neo-
continue to improve over time, and the application of appropriate plasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. II.
reporting guidelines and production of evidence-based reviews will Cancer morbidity in dogs and cats from Alameda County, J Natl
assist clinicians to interpret and apply published information. Cancer Inst 40:307–318, 1968.
10. MacVean DW, Monlux AW, Anderson Jr PS, et al.: Frequency
Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions of canine and feline tumors in a defined population, Vet Pathol
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11. Moe L, Gamlem H, Dahl K, et al.: Canine neoplasia–population-
Even though systematic reviews and meta-analyses may not be based incidence of vascular tumours, APMIS Suppl 125:63–68,
currently possible, evidence-based reviews of the existing oncol- 2008.
ogy literature in dogs and cats are needed to further elucidate what 12. Nodtvedt A, Gamlem H, Gunnes G, et al.: Breed differences in the
we know about breed risks, other risk factors, appropriate use of proportional morbidity of testicular tumours and distribution of
diagnostic and screening aids, therapies, prognoses, and so forth, histopathologic types in a population-based canine cancer registry,
and to identify the most crucial gaps in our knowledge. Appro- Vet Comp Oncol 9:45–54, 2011.
priate assessment of existing oncology prevention and treatment 13. Merlo DF, Rossi L, Pellegrino C, et al.: Cancer incidence in pet
strategies is also needed. dogs: findings of the Animal Tumor Registry of Genoa, Italy, J Vet
With increasingly available genomic information, our under- Intern Med 22:976–984, 2008.
standing of breeds and breed risk may change. 107,108 It is espe- 14. Vascellari M, Baioni E, Ru G, et al.: Animal tumour registry of two
provinces in northern Italy: incidence of spontaneous tumours in
cially important to recognize the value of studying populations dogs and cats, BMC Vet Res 5(39), 2009.
from different areas or countries. There are important differences 15. Grüntzig K, Graf R, Hässig M, et al.: The Swiss canine cancer reg-
and similarities in genetics (across and within breeds), environ- istry: a retrospective study on the occurrence of tumours in dogs in
ments, diets, and activities that will inform cancer etiology and Switzerland from 1955 to 2008, J Comp Path 152:161–171, 2015.
management. Such complex relationships will be fully understood 16. Bronden LB, Nielsen SS, Toft N, et al.: Data from the Danish vet-
only by a multidisciplinary approach using various methodolo- erinary cancer registry on the occurrence and distribution of neo-
gies and study designs. These should include more population- plasms in dogs in Denmark, Vet Rec 166:586–590, 2010.
based, longitudinal observational studies and outcomes-based 17. Baioni E, Scanziani E, Vincenti MC, et al.: Estimating canine can-
approaches. 56,57,109 Although these may not yield results for many cer incidence: findings from a population-based tumour registry in
northwestern Italy, BMC Vet Res 13:203, 2017.
years, relying solely on traditional approaches (case-control studies 18. Moe L, Bredal WP, Glattre E: Census of dogs in Norway, Oslo,
and clinical trials of invasive or risky treatments) is not an effec- 2001, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science.
tive strategy to reduce the population burden of cancer. In addi- 19. Priester WA, McKay FW: The occurrence of tumors in domestic
tion and beyond the scope of this chapter, there are important animals, Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 54:1–210, 1980.
complex issues of human–animal interactions, in general and spe- 20. Bronden LB, Flagstad A, Kristensen AT: Veterinary cancer regis-
cifically related to the field of oncology. Thus there is a need for tries in companion animal cancer: a review, Vet Comp Oncol 5:133–
an increased understanding of the social and emotional factors 144, 2007.
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