Page 93 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition
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72    PART I    The Biology and Pathogenesis of Cancer



          TABLE 3.7     Common Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers/Panels and Respective Tumor Types in Cats and
                     Dogs
  VetBooks.ir  Tumor Type   Molecular Marker(s)  Localization/Expression  Comments                    References
                                   +a
                            Cytokeratin
                                                                                                      47,174–176
                                              Cytokeratin, Vimentin
                                                                Coexpression can occur in mesothelioma and may reflect
            Carcinoma
                            Vimentin −         = Cyto             EMT in carcinomas.
            Gastrointestinal stro-  KIT/ CD117 +/−  KIT = PM & Cyto  DOG1/TMEM16A. Mature ICCs do not express SMA but   177–179
              mal tumor (GIST)  SMA +/−       SMA, Desmin = Cyto  SMA positivity has been reported; suggested because
            (interstitial cell of   Desmin −  S-100 = N & Cyto    of the close association of ICCs and intestinal smooth
              Cajal [ICC] origin)  S-100 −    Dog-1 = PM & Cyto   muscle or as ICCs and smooth muscle cells may arise
                            Dog-1 +                               from the same primitive stem cell.
            Hemangiosarcoma/  Factor VIII-RAg/vWF+   Factor VIII-RAg/vWF =   Factor VIII-RAg and CD31 do not differentiate between   180–184
              Lymphangiosar-  CD31/PECAM-1 +   Cyto               blood and lymphatic endothelial cell origin. Lymphatic
              coma                            CD31/PECAM-1 = PM   endothelial-specific markers such as LYVE-1 and
                                               & Cyto             Prox-1 have been suggested as diagnostic markers.
                                                                  CD31/PECAM is also expressed, in lower levels, by
                                                                  monocytes, granulocytes, and subsets of T-cells.
                               +
            Histiocytic sarcoma   CD18 ,      CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM  CD18 is expressed on all leukocytes. Its expression is   185–187
                                         −
              (HS)          CD3 , CD79a , Pax5 ,  Pax5 = N        typically highest on, yet not specific for, histiocytic
                              −
                                    −
                            Iba1 +b           Iba1, Lysozyme = Cyto  cells. Iba1 expression shown in monocyte/macro-
                            Lysozyme +/–                          phage lineage, dendritic cells and associated tumors.
                                                                Additional, yet not commonly used, markers for subsets/
                                                                  subclassification of histiocytic tumors: CD11d
                                                                                              +
                                                                  Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma; CD90/Thy-1
                                                                                                 +
                                                                  Cutaneous and systemic histiocytosis–canine dermal
                                                                  dendritic cell origin.
            Leiomyoma, leiomyo-  KIT/CD117 −  KIT = PM & Cyto   Desmin confirms myogenic origin but does not differenti-  177–179
              sarcoma       SMA +             SMA, Desmin = Cyto  ate between smooth, striated, or cardiac muscle.
                            Desmin +/−        S-100 = N & Cyto
                            S-100 −           Dog-1 = PM & Cyto
                            Dog-1 −
                                    −
            Lymphoma, B cell  CD18 +/− , CD3 ,   CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM  CD18 expression is generally weak or absent. Pax5   188–192
                                  +
                              CD79a , Pax5 +  Pax5 = N            (BSAP), a member of the highly conserved paired box
                            CD20 +            CD20 = PM           (PAX) domain family of transcription factors. Expressed
                                                                  from early pro B to plasma cell where it is downregu-
                                                                  lated. CD20 = expressed in increasing concentrations
                                                                  from late pro-B to activated B cell (not plasma cells).
                                    +
            Lymphoma, T cell  CD18 +/− , CD3 ,   CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM  As for Lymphoma, B cell       189–191
                                  −
                              CD79a , Pax5 −  Pax5 = N
                                   −
                                         −
                               −
            Lymphoma, null cell  CD18 , CD3 , CD79a ,   CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM  As for Lymphoma, B cell  188
                                 −
                              Pax5  (and exclusion   Pax5 = N
                              of other round cell
                              tumors)
            Mast cell tumor  Tryptase +       Tryptase = Cyto   Histochemical stains toluidine blue and Giemsa may be   126,193
                            KIT/ CD117 +c     KIT/CD117 = PM and/  used to confirm mast cell origin. Tryptase IHC is fairly
                                               or cytoplasmic (Type   uncommon but is available if other diagnostic param-
                                               I, II or III expression   eters are unrewarding. KIT/CD117 is not specific for
                                               pattern)           mast cells (see table legend).

            Melanocytic neo-  Melan-A +/− d   Melan-A = Cyto    Melan-A/MART-1. PNL2 is melanocyte-specific save for   194–198
              plasms (melanotic   PNL2 +/−    PNL2 = Cyto         myeloid cells, especially neutrophils. Use of an immu-
              and amelanotic)  Tyrosinase +/−  Tyrosinase = Cyto  nohistochemical “cocktail” containing PNL2, Melan-A,
                            TRP-1 +/−         TRP-1&2 = Cyto      TRP-1 and TRP-2 is reported to have excellent speci-
                            TRP-2 +/−         Vim = Cyto          ficity and sensitivity. Both vimentin and S-100 have
                            Vimentin +        S-100 = N & Cyto    good sensitivity but poor specificity.
                            S-100 +
            Mesothelioma    Cytokeratin +/–   As above          Coexpression expected for many mesotheliomas. TEM   137,199
                            Vimentin +/–                          may demonstrate microvilli.
            Neural astro-   GFAP +            GFAP = Cyto       Astrocytomas are glial tumors, as are oligodendro-  200–202
              cytic tumors   S-100 +/−        S-100 = N & Cyto    gliomas; however, oligodendrogliomas are negative
              (astrocytoma,   Olig2 +/−       Olig2 = N           for GFAP. Olig-2 may also be expressed in some
              glioblastoma, oli-                                  astrocytic tumors.
              godendroglioma)
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