Page 93 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition
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72 PART I The Biology and Pathogenesis of Cancer
TABLE 3.7 Common Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers/Panels and Respective Tumor Types in Cats and
Dogs
VetBooks.ir Tumor Type Molecular Marker(s) Localization/Expression Comments References
+a
Cytokeratin
47,174–176
Cytokeratin, Vimentin
Coexpression can occur in mesothelioma and may reflect
Carcinoma
Vimentin − = Cyto EMT in carcinomas.
Gastrointestinal stro- KIT/ CD117 +/− KIT = PM & Cyto DOG1/TMEM16A. Mature ICCs do not express SMA but 177–179
mal tumor (GIST) SMA +/− SMA, Desmin = Cyto SMA positivity has been reported; suggested because
(interstitial cell of Desmin − S-100 = N & Cyto of the close association of ICCs and intestinal smooth
Cajal [ICC] origin) S-100 − Dog-1 = PM & Cyto muscle or as ICCs and smooth muscle cells may arise
Dog-1 + from the same primitive stem cell.
Hemangiosarcoma/ Factor VIII-RAg/vWF+ Factor VIII-RAg/vWF = Factor VIII-RAg and CD31 do not differentiate between 180–184
Lymphangiosar- CD31/PECAM-1 + Cyto blood and lymphatic endothelial cell origin. Lymphatic
coma CD31/PECAM-1 = PM endothelial-specific markers such as LYVE-1 and
& Cyto Prox-1 have been suggested as diagnostic markers.
CD31/PECAM is also expressed, in lower levels, by
monocytes, granulocytes, and subsets of T-cells.
+
Histiocytic sarcoma CD18 , CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM CD18 is expressed on all leukocytes. Its expression is 185–187
−
(HS) CD3 , CD79a , Pax5 , Pax5 = N typically highest on, yet not specific for, histiocytic
−
−
Iba1 +b Iba1, Lysozyme = Cyto cells. Iba1 expression shown in monocyte/macro-
Lysozyme +/– phage lineage, dendritic cells and associated tumors.
Additional, yet not commonly used, markers for subsets/
subclassification of histiocytic tumors: CD11d
+
Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma; CD90/Thy-1
+
Cutaneous and systemic histiocytosis–canine dermal
dendritic cell origin.
Leiomyoma, leiomyo- KIT/CD117 − KIT = PM & Cyto Desmin confirms myogenic origin but does not differenti- 177–179
sarcoma SMA + SMA, Desmin = Cyto ate between smooth, striated, or cardiac muscle.
Desmin +/− S-100 = N & Cyto
S-100 − Dog-1 = PM & Cyto
Dog-1 −
−
Lymphoma, B cell CD18 +/− , CD3 , CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM CD18 expression is generally weak or absent. Pax5 188–192
+
CD79a , Pax5 + Pax5 = N (BSAP), a member of the highly conserved paired box
CD20 + CD20 = PM (PAX) domain family of transcription factors. Expressed
from early pro B to plasma cell where it is downregu-
lated. CD20 = expressed in increasing concentrations
from late pro-B to activated B cell (not plasma cells).
+
Lymphoma, T cell CD18 +/− , CD3 , CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM As for Lymphoma, B cell 189–191
−
CD79a , Pax5 − Pax5 = N
−
−
−
Lymphoma, null cell CD18 , CD3 , CD79a , CD18, CD3, CD79a = PM As for Lymphoma, B cell 188
−
Pax5 (and exclusion Pax5 = N
of other round cell
tumors)
Mast cell tumor Tryptase + Tryptase = Cyto Histochemical stains toluidine blue and Giemsa may be 126,193
KIT/ CD117 +c KIT/CD117 = PM and/ used to confirm mast cell origin. Tryptase IHC is fairly
or cytoplasmic (Type uncommon but is available if other diagnostic param-
I, II or III expression eters are unrewarding. KIT/CD117 is not specific for
pattern) mast cells (see table legend).
Melanocytic neo- Melan-A +/− d Melan-A = Cyto Melan-A/MART-1. PNL2 is melanocyte-specific save for 194–198
plasms (melanotic PNL2 +/− PNL2 = Cyto myeloid cells, especially neutrophils. Use of an immu-
and amelanotic) Tyrosinase +/− Tyrosinase = Cyto nohistochemical “cocktail” containing PNL2, Melan-A,
TRP-1 +/− TRP-1&2 = Cyto TRP-1 and TRP-2 is reported to have excellent speci-
TRP-2 +/− Vim = Cyto ficity and sensitivity. Both vimentin and S-100 have
Vimentin + S-100 = N & Cyto good sensitivity but poor specificity.
S-100 +
Mesothelioma Cytokeratin +/– As above Coexpression expected for many mesotheliomas. TEM 137,199
Vimentin +/– may demonstrate microvilli.
Neural astro- GFAP + GFAP = Cyto Astrocytomas are glial tumors, as are oligodendro- 200–202
cytic tumors S-100 +/− S-100 = N & Cyto gliomas; however, oligodendrogliomas are negative
(astrocytoma, Olig2 +/− Olig2 = N for GFAP. Olig-2 may also be expressed in some
glioblastoma, oli- astrocytic tumors.
godendroglioma)