Page 1213 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

response.
VetBooks.ir antibodies against the 67-kDa isoform of glutamic acid
Humans with juvenile onset (type 1) diabetes have circulating

decarboxylase (GAD65) and/or insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2). Some

diabetic dogs also possess these autoantibodies. Thus 4 of 30
diabetic dogs had autoantibodies to GAD65, and three had
autoantibodies to IA-2. Two had autoantibodies to both antigens.
Certain DLA haplotypes are more prevalent in breeds such as the

Samoyed, Tibetan Terrier, and Cairn Terrier that have a higher risk
of developing diabetes. However, these haplotypes are not
uncommon in other breeds. A predisposition to neonatal diabetes
mellitus has also been observed in Keeshonds, where it appears to

be controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene. Boxers, in
contrast, rarely get this disease. Genes that may influence the
development of canine diabetes include MHC class II genes, genes
coding for the CTLA-4 promoter, and those for interferon-γ (IFN-

γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-4, and IL-10.
Diabetes mellitus is rare in cattle. Affected animals have
atrophied and reduced numbers of pancreatic islets with partial or
complete loss of β cells. Lymphocytes commonly infiltrate the

remaining islets.

Atrophic Lymphocytic Pancreatitis

The most common cause of an exocrine pancreatic deficiency in

dogs is atrophy associated with lymphocyte infiltration. The disease
has a high heritability as shown by its prevalence in German
Shepherd dogs and Rough-coated Collies. The infiltrating
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lymphocytes are primarily CD4 and CD8 T cells. The CD8 cells
are associated with areas of pancreatic necrosis. Some of these dogs
have low levels of antibodies against pancreatic acinar cells, so this
may be, in part, an autoimmune disease. Genetic studies have
pointed to genes located within the MHC as associated with the

disease. One haplotype containing a novel allele of DLA-88 is
highly associated with the disease, while other haplotypes may
confer some protection.

Autoimmune Adrenalitis

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