Page 171 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

Basic laboratory diagnostics Basic laboratory diagnostics
Serum/Blood substrate concentrations Serum/Blood substrate concentrations

Innere Medizin
VetBooks.ir

Increased urea concentration
(azotaemia)

Postrenal Renal Prerenal

Relative
Urinary tract Chronic kidney Absolute
Urinary tract trauma Acute kidney injury (reduced plasma
obstruction disease (too much urea)
volume)

– Bladder rupture – Urolithiasis – Leptospirosis
– Ureteral or urethral – Urethral plug – Ischaemia Increased urea Dehydration
destruction (FIC [cat]) (e.g. after production
– Neoplasia anaesthesia)
– Urethral spasm – Toxins (e.g.
– Enlarged ethylene glycol,
prostate (e.g. raisins, grapes)
hyperplasia, – Drug toxicity
abscess, neoplasia) (e.g. NSAIDs, Protein uptake from
– Ureteral amphotericin B, the gastrointestinal
obstruction aminoglycosides) tract
(urolith, stricture,
neoplasia)

Gastrointestinal Postprandial
haemorrhage (mild increase)

– Ulcer
– Portal hypertension
– Neoplasia
– Inflammation

160 161