Page 174 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

Basic laboratory diagnostics Basic laboratory diagnostics
Serum/Blood substrate concentrations Serum/Blood electrolyte concentrations

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Hypernatraemia
Increased ammonia
concentration*
Absolute Relative
(too much (reduced plasma
sodium) volume)

Iatrogenic Inadequate Loss of
Hepatic dysfunction Liver bypass Salt (intra- Increased uptake of hypotonic
(only cat) intoxication venous reabsorption water fluids
fluid
therapy
with
hypertonic – Hyper- – No access Third- Gastro-
aldosteronism
to water
– Liver neoplasia NaCl – Primary spacing intestinal Renal
(e.g. lymphoma) solution) hypodipsia
– Hepatic lipidosis Portosystemic shunt

– Ascites – Vomiting – Acute
– Thoracic – Diarrhoea kidney injury
effusion – Chronic
– Vasculitis kidney
disease

*

* Decreased blood ammonia concentration is not clincally relevant

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