Page 24 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

Internal Medicine Internal Medicine
General health problems General health problems

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Icterus

Prehepatic Hepatic Posthepatic

Increased Disturbance of
degradation of Hepatic dysfunction hepatocellular Bile duct rupture Bile duct obstruction
haemproteins bilirubin transport

– Liver fibrosis Disturbance of – Cholangiohepatitis
Haemoglobin Myoglobin – Liver cirrhosis Lack of glucose the bilirubin – Bile duct
degradation degradation – Liver neoplasia (only horse and cow) transport system carcinoma
– Hepatic lipidosis (by high TNF-α) – Pancreatitis
– Gall bladder
stones

Haemorrhage in Massive destruction of
Haemolysis body cavities or muscle cells (rare in – Severe
haematoma small animals) systemic
inflammation
(e.g. sepsis, FIP)

– Myositis
Extravascular Intravascular – Trauma
haemolysis haemolysis

– Immune-mediated haemolytic – Copper intoxication
anaemia – Tap water enema (cat)
– Babesiosis – Hypophosphataemia (e.g. during therapy
– Haemoplasma infection of diabetic ketoacidosis)
– Severe immune-mediated haemolytic
anaemia
– Severe babesiosis
– Zinc intoxication
– Onion or garlic intoxication
– Destruction (e.g. DIC, caval syndrome,
hemangioendothelioma)

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