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206 Box B5 ognitive Abilities oo Marine Mammals

VetBooks.ir visual acuity, about 20 arc minutes (Bauer difficult in many cases to bring into captive
settings, however, those that are, are fre-
et al. 2003; Mass et al. 1997). Although aug-
mented with dichromatic colour vision,
should be used in generalising the described
apparently unique amongst marine mammals quently studied in small samples. Caution
(Ahnelt and Kolb 2000; Griebel and Schmid attributes of the few species studied to other
1996; Newman and Robinson 2005). Their marine mammals, which may vary substan-
excellent hearing sensitivity extends into the tially in a wide range of morphological, sen-
ultrasonic range (Gaspard et al. 2012; Gerstein sory, and ecological parameters.
et al. 1999), they have high temporal process- More thorough reviews of the cognitive
ing rates (Mann et al. 2005), good sound and/or sensory characteristics of cetaceans,
localisation for broadband sounds (Colbert‐ pinnipeds, and sirenians can be found in the
Luke et al. 2015), excellent tactile discrimina- following sources:
tion of textures (Bachteler and Dehnhardt Marine mammals in general: Clark (2013),
1999; Bauer et al. 2012), and highly sensitive Dehnhardt (2002), Supin et al. (2001), and
detection of hydrodynamic stimuli, aided by Thewissen and Nummela (2008). Kuczaj also
the vibrissae that cover their bodies (Gaspard edited two special issues of the International
et al. 2013, 2017; Reep et al. 2011). Although Journal of Comparative Psychology, (2010),
formal tests of memory have not been con- on captive research, most of which addressed
ducted, memory of experimental procedures cognition and sensory perception of marine
over a year and memory for navigation routes mammals.
and destinations in the wild (Marsh et al. Cetaceans: Clark (2013), Hanke and Erdsack
2011; Reep and Bonde 2006), suggest ability (2015), Harley and Bauer (2017), and Pack
to retain information over long time periods. (2015).
The marine mammals comprise diverse Pinnipeds: Schusterman and Kastak (2002).
taxa with members only distantly related Sirenians: Bauer et al. (2010), Bauer and
evolutionarily. Their large size makes them Reep (2018), and Reep and Bonde (2006).

References

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mammalian photoreceptor mosaic‐adaptive (2010). Learning about manatees: a
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19: 711–777. of Florida and Mote Marine Laboratory to
Au, W.W. and Hastings, M.C. (2008). conduct laboratory research for manatee
Principles of Marine Bioacoustics. New York: conservation. International Journal of
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